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Phase separation of TAZ compartmentalizes the transcription machinery to promote gene expression

ABSTRACT: TAZ promotes cell proliferation, development, and tumorigenesis by regulating target gene transcription. However, how TAZ orchestrates the transcriptional responses remains poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that TAZ forms nuclear condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation to compartmentalize its DNA binding co-factor TEAD4, the transcription co-activators BRD4 and MED1 and the transcription elongation factor CDK9 for activation of gene expression. TAZ, but not its paralog YAP, forms phase-separated droplets in vitro and liquid-like nuclear condensates in cells and tissues, and this ability is negatively regulated by Hippo signaling via LATS-mediated phosphorylation and mediated by the coiled-coil domain. Deletion of the TAZ coiled-coil domain or substitution with the YAP coiled-coil domain does not affect the interaction with its partners, but prevents its phase separation and more importantly, its ability to induce expression of TAZ-specific target genes. Thus, our study has identified a novel mechanism for the transcriptional activation by TAZ and demonstrated for the first time that pathway-specific transcription factors also engage the phase separation mechanism for efficient and specific transcription activation.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE142474 | GEO | 2019/12/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Phase separation of YAP fusion proteins drives supratentorial ependymoma (methyl-seq)

Project description:HIPPO-YAP/TAZ signaling has been implicated in supratentorial ependymoma formation from neural progenitor cells (NPC) in the brain, however, the underlying mechanisms to trigger the neural progenitor cell transformation remains elusive. Here, we uncover that patient-derived tumorigenic YAP-fusion proteins (YAP-MAMLD1 and C11ORF95-YAP) promote ependymoma tumorigenesis through forming liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDR) in the fusion proteins promote oligomerization of YAP-transcriptional co-activators and self-assembly of nuclear puncta-like membrane-less organelles. Phase separation of YAP-fusion proteins further facilitates the compartmentalization of transcriptional coactivators, BRD4 and MED1, resulting in pervasive enhancer landscape changes and exclusion of transcriptional repressors such as PRC2 complexes. YAP-fusion proteins-induced nuclear puncta recruit RNA polymerase II to promote transcriptional bursting of multiple oncogenic pathways. Moreover, we show that IDR-mediated phase separation is necessary for YAP-fusion protein-induced tumor formation. Distinct YAP fusion-proteins identified in other human tumors also encompass IDR features. Together, our data suggest that IDR-mediated phase separation is an integral component of YAP-fusion protein-induced tumorigenesis and might serve as a therapeutic target in supratentorial ependymoma.

2022-10-27 | GSE206926 | GEO

Phase separation of YAP fusion proteins drives supratentorial ependymoma I

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A chaperone-like function of FUS ensures TAZ condensates dynamics and transcriptional activation

Project description:The Hippo pathway plays important roles in organ development, tissue homeostasis, and tumor growth, and its downstream effector TAZ is a transcriptional coactivator that promotes target gene expression through the formation of biomolecular condensates. However, the mechanisms that regulate the biophysical properties of TAZ condensates to enable Hippo signaling are not well understood. Here, using chemical cross-linking combined with an unbiased proteomic approach, we show that FUS associates with TAZ condensates and exerts a chaperone-like effect to maintain their proper liquidity and robust- transcriptional activity. Mechanistically, the low complexity sequence domain of FUS targets the coiled-coil domain of TAZ in a phosphorylation-regulated manner, which ensures the liquidity and dynamicity of TAZ condensates. In cells lacking FUS, TAZ condensates transition into gel/solid-like assembles with immobilized TAZ, leading to reduced expression of target genes and inhibition of pro-tumorigenic activity. Thus, our findings identify a chaperone-like function of FUS in Hippo regulation and demonstrate that appropriate biophysical properties of transcriptional condensates are essential for gene activation.

2023-02-17 | PXD040257 | iProX

Intrinsic mesoscale properties of a Polycomb protein underpin heterochromatin fidelity

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2023-04-03 | GSE195824 | GEO

Expression data from HT-1080 cells incubated or not in the presence of laminin111 coiled-coiled recombinant fragment (rLCC111)

Project description:Laminins are large heterotrimeric cross-shaped extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins with terminal globular domains and a coiled-coil region. We have produced for the first time a recombinant laminin coiled-coil domain and studied the transcriptional profile of cells incubated in coiled-coil-coated wells. Cells were incubated in 24w plates, onto coiled-coil-coated wells or control BSA-coated wells (one each), 24h

2011-10-11 | E-GEOD-32896 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Aberrant phase separation of transcription factors in human developmental disorders

Project description:Components of the transcription machinery can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, but the functional importance of phase-separated condensates in transcriptional control is not well understood. Here we report that disease-causing mutations in several transcription factors (TFs) alter the phase separation capacity of those TFs. We first demonstrate that the Hoxd13 TF, and its intrinsically disordered N-terminus form phase-separated condensates. Expansions of a polyalanine repeat, which cause hereditary synpolydactyly in humans, facilitate phase separation of Hoxd13, and alter the transcriptional program of several cell types in a cell-specific manner in vivo. Disease-associated expansions of aminoacid repeats in intrinsically disordered regions of other TFs were similarly found to alter phase separation. These results suggest that aberrant phase separation of transcriptional regulators may underlie a spectrum of human pathologies. The paper is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.018

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Expression data from HT-1080 cells incubated or not in the presence of laminin111 coiled-coiled recombinant fragment (rLCC111)

2011-10-12 | GSE32896 | GEO

Phase-separated CCER1 coordinates histone-to-protamine transition and fertility

Project description:Idiopathic fertility disorders are associated with mutations in various genes. Here, we report that coiled-coil glutamate-rich protein 1 (CCER1), a germline-specific and intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), mediates post-meiotic sperm differentiation, while CCER1 deficiency results in defective sperm chromatin compaction and infertility in mice. CCER1 increases transition protein (Tnp1/2) and protamine (Prm1/2) transcription and serves as a multifaceted mediator for multiple epigenetic modification events of histones during the histone to protamine transition (HTP). Immiscible with heterochromatin in the nucleus, CCER1 self-assembles into polymer droplet and acts as a liquid-liquid phase separated condensate in the nucleus. Notably, we identified the loss-of function variants of human CCER1 (hCCER1) in five patients with non-obstuctive azoospermia (NOA) while absent in 2,713 fertile controls. The mutants led to premature termination or frameshift of CCER1 translation and disrupted condensates in vitro. In conclusion, we propose that nuclear CCER1 is a novel phase-separated condensate that links histone epigenetic modifications, sperm HTP transitions, chromatin condensation, and male fertility.

2023-09-29 | GSE212733 | GEO

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