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Transcriptional comparison of alveolar macrophages from patients with RA-ILD. IIM-ILD and DI-ILD.

ABSTRACT: To examine the differences of AMs by disease.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE142540 | GEO | 2021/12/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transcriptional comparison of alveolar macrophages from patients with RA-ILD. IIM-ILD and DI-ILD.

Project description:Transcriptional comparison of alveolar macrophages from patients with RA-ILD. IIM-ILD and DI-ILD.

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SARS-CoV-2 Evades immune detection in Alveolar Macrophages

Project description:Respiratory infections, like the current pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus, target the epithelial cells in the respiratory tract. However, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are tissue-resident macrophages located within the alveoli of the lung and they play a key role in the early phases of an immune response to respiratory infections. We expect that AMs are the first immune cells to encounter the SARS-CoV-2 and therefore their reaction to SARS-CoV-2 infection will have a profound impact upon the outcome of the infection. Interferons (IFNs) are antiviral cytokines and the first cytokine produced upon viral infection. Here, we challenge AMs with SARS-CoV-2 and to our surprise find that the AMs are incapable of recognising SARS-CoV-2 and produce IFN. This is in contrast to respiratory pathogens, such as influenza A virus and Sendai virus. Callenge of AMs with those viruses resulted in a robust IFN response. The absence of IFN production by AMs upon challenge could explain the initial asymptotic phase of SARS-CoV-2 infections and argues against the AMs as the source of proinflamatory cytokines later in infection.

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Project description:Immaturity of alveolar macrophages (AMs) around birth contributes to the susceptibility of newborns to lung disease. However, the molecular features differentiating neonatal and mature, adult AMs are poorly understood. Here we identify the unique transcriptomes and enhancer landscapes of neonatal and adult AMs. While the core AM signature was similar, adult AMs expressed higher levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism, while neonatal AMs expressed a largely proinflammatory gene profile. Open enhancer regions identified by ATAC-seq contained motifs for nuclear receptors, MITF, and STAT in adult AMs and AP-1 and NF-kB in neonatal AMs. Intranasal LPS activated a similar innate immune response in both neonates and adults, with higher basal expression of inflammatory genes in neonates. The lung microenvironment drove many of the distinguishing gene expression and open chromatin characteristics of neonatal and adult AMs. Neonatal AMs retained high expression of some proinflammatory genes, suggesting the differences in neonatal AMs result from both inherent cell properties and environmental influences.

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Project description:The aim of this study was to measure the immune response of alveolar macrophages (AMs) to intracellular Mtb infection in vivo. We characterized the transcriptional profile of murine Mtb-infected AMs after aerosol infection by sorting cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and performing low-input RNA-sequencing. To determine the effect of the transcription factor Nrf2 on this response we also measured the transcriptional profiles of AMs from mice lacking Nrf2.

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