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Genome-wide expression analysis of PTI and ETI responses in wild type and PRR-deficient Arabidopsis plants

ABSTRACT: Purpose: The goal of this study is to demonstrate the global expression profile of Arabidopsis wild type and PRR mutant plants in response to PTI- and ETI-eliciting strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) bacterium. Methods: Four-week-old Arabidopsis plant leaves were infiltrated with sterile water (Mock) or different Pst strains and harvested at 3h or 6h after infiltration for RNA extraction and deep sequencing by Illumina. Raw data were cleaned up and trimmed and reads were mapped to Arabidopsis genome. Gene expression levels were calculated using the TPM method (Transcripts per Kb of exon model per Million mapped reads). Results and Conclusions: This study showed that Pst DC3000 D36E and D36E(avrRpt2) strains both induced significant gene expression changes (with changes of more than 3000 and 7000 genes respectively) in Col-0 plant, and D36E(avrRpt2) strain induced stronger expression changes globally. Furthermore, many genes are differentially regulated in the PRR mutant plants in response to D36E inoculation compared with wild type plant; however, D36E(avrRpt2) inoculation induced very similar expression patterns in two genotypes, suggesting that ETI can largely restore PTI-associated gene expression in the PRR mutant plant. In addition, we also found that ETI can largely induce the expression levels of many key PTI signaling components.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE142747 | GEO | 2021/01/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Plants have evolved a two-layered immune system that mainly includes pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) against pathogen attack. PTI and ETI signaling are functionally linked, but also distinct due to specific perceived ligands and activation modes. Unraveling how PTI and ETI coordinate the immune responses against pathogens is crucial for understanding the regulatory mechanisms in plant immunity. To better understand the protein profiling and phosphorylation events during PTI and ETI, we employed integrated whole proteome and phosphoproteome analyses in the tomato-Pst pathosystem with different Pst DC3000 mutants that allow dissection of different layers of immune responses. A total of 225 proteins and 79 phosphopeptides were differentially regulated in tomato leaves during immune responses. Our proteomics results indicate that some overlapping immune responses are triggered by both PTI and ETI-inducing treatment, and ETI response is more robust than PTI response for most proteins. The change patterns of protein abundance and phosphorylation revealed some key regulators involved in Ca2+ signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, and reversible protein phosphorylation, ROS and redox homeostasis, direct defense, transcription machinery and protein turnover, cell wall remodeling, hormone biosynthesis, as well as immune molecule accumulation, are modulated during PTI and/or ETI, suggesting their common or specific roles in plant immune responses. However, NAC domain protein and lipid particle serine esterase, two PTI-specific genes from previous transcriptomic work, have not been detected as differentially regulated in our proteomic analysis, and they were proved to be not PTI-specific inducible and therefore cannot be used as PTI-reporters through “overlapping circle” pattern assay. These results provide insights into the fine-tuned regulatory mechanisms between PTI and ETI in-Pst pathosystem, which will springboard further investigations into the sophisticated mechanisms in plant immunity.

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Genome-wide expression analysis of PTI and ETI responses in wild type and PRR-deficient Arabidopsis plants

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