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Gene signature profiles in lung tisses of wild type mice or Nrf2 deficient mice infected with my nontuberculous mycobacteria

ABSTRACT: Background. Nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of antioxidant and detoxification genes and are thought to be important in protection against intracellular pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Nrf2 in the host defense against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in mice. Methods. Wild-type mice and Nrf2-deficient mice were infected with MAC via intranasal inoculation with 1x107 CFU of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis. At 2 months after infection, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissues were collected, then, comprehensive transcriptome analysis in the lungs was performed by RNA-seq. Results. Nrf2-deficient mice were highly susceptible to MAC, compared with wild-type mice. There was no significant changes between genotypes in the level of oxidative stress. In addition, the expression of genes related to Th1 immunity and the proportion of Th1 cells were not changed between genotypes. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of Nramp1 was much lower in the infected lungs of Nrf2-deficient mice than those of Wild-type mice. The expression of Nramp1 was also much lower in the infected alveolar macrophages of Nrf2-deficient mice than those of Wild-type mice. The result of electron microscopy showed that many infected alveolar macrophages from Nrf2-deficient mice were found to contain a large number of intracellular MAC bacteria compare to alveolar macrophages from wild-type mice, due to inhibition of phagolysosome fusion. Conclusions. This study identified that the Nramp1 regulated by Nrf2 is essential in defining the outcome of MAC disease. Nrf2 is a critical determinant for host resistance to MAC infection as a regulator for the expression of Nramp1.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE144268 | GEO | 2020/12/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:RATIONALE: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is an indispensable therapy for critically ill patients with acute lung injury and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. However, the mechanisms by which conventional MV induces lung injury remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that disruption of the gene encoding Nrf2, a transcription factor which regulates the induction of several antioxidant enzymes, enhances susceptibility to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), while antioxidant supplementation attenuates such effect. METHODS: To test our hypothesis and to examine the relevance of oxidative stress in VILI, here we have assessed lung injury and inflammatory responses in Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2(-/-)) mice and wildtype (Nrf2(+/+)) animals following acute (2 h) injurious model of MV with or without administration of antioxidant. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Nrf2(-/-) mice displayed greater levels of lung alveolar and vascular permeability and inflammatory responses to MV as compared to Nrf2(+/+) mice. Nrf2-deficieny enhances the levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of VILI. We found diminished levels of critical antioxidant enzymes and redox imbalance by MV in the lungs of Nrf2(-/-) mice; however antioxidant supplementation to Nrf2(-/-) mice remarkably attenuated VILI. When subjected to clinically relevant prolong period of MV, Nrf2(-/-) mice displayed greater levels of VILI than Nrf2(+/+) mice. Expression profiling revealed lack of induction of several VILI genes, stress response and solute carrier proteins and phosphatases in Nrf2(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data demonstrate for the first time a critical role for Nrf2 in VILI, which confers protection against cellular responses induced by MV by modulating oxidative stress. Experiment Overall Design: The Nrf2 wildtype (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2â/â) CD-1/ICR strains of mice were subjected to mechanical ventilation with high (HVT) amounts of tidal volumes (VT) at 30 ml/kg for 2 hours. The animals subjected to spontaneous ventilation (SpV) for 2 hours were used as controls. Lungs were immediately removed and processed for total RNA isolation using TRIzol reagent (LifeTechnologies, Grand Island, NY). The isolated RNA was applied to Murine Genome 430A GeneChip arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA), which contain probes for detecting ~14,500 well-characterized genes and 4371 expressed sequence tags according to standard microarray protocol. Scanned output files were analyzed by using Affymetrix GeneChip Operating Software and were independently normalized to an average intensity of 500.

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Gene signature profiles in lung tisses of wild type mice or Nrf2 deficient mice infected with my nontuberculous mycobacteria

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