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Hepatokine Fetuin-A disrupts functional maturation of pancreatic β-cells

ABSTRACT: Neonatal beta-cells undergo a maturation process to acquire glucose responsiveness. We hypothesize that in later life, a partial reversal of this maturation might promote beta-cell dysfunction. We previously ascertained that fetuin-A, a fetal glycoprotein downregulated at birth but increasingly secreted when fatty liver develops, inhibits insulin secretion. Here, we evaluate fetuin-A’s impact on beta-cell maturation. In vitro maturation of neonatal porcine islet cell clusters (NICCs) promoted expression of beta-cell markers and TGFBR/SMAD signaling. Fetuin-A reduced both functional and proliferative gene expression and SMAD phosphorylation. Consequently, fetuin-A impaired glucose- and forskolin-dependent secretion, and reduced adaptive beta-cell proliferation. In adult human islets, fetuin-A abolished glucose responsiveness, diminished SMAD phosphorylation and downregulated functional and proliferative genes. Our findings suggest that perinatal decline of fetuin-A relieves TGFBR signaling in neonatal beta-cells, thereby facilitating the onset of postnatal maturation. However, this program remains revocable during adulthood, since fatty liver-derived fetuin-A reverses beta-cells’ maturity, conferring them a neonatal-like phenotype and contributing to their failure.

ORGANISM(S): Sus scrofa

PROVIDER: GSE144950 | GEO | 2020/12/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The lower glucose-responsiveness of neonatal beta cells is generally considered a sign of endocrine immaturity. We compared mRNA profiles of neonatal and 10-weeks old rat beta cells to see how their gene expression changes with functional maturation. Neonatal beta cells showed a lower glucose-inducible increment in insulin production than adult cells. This was in part explained by basal protein synthetic hyperactivity of neonatal cells: while at 2.5mM glucose 80% of neonatal beta cells were recruited into active protein synthesis, 10 mM glucose was required to achieve a similar fraction of active adult beta cells. Besides this progressive recruitment, glucose exerted in both age groups an additional amplifying effect in the recruited cells, but clearly more so in adult beta cells that showed a higher maximal synthetic capacity/cell. Neonatal beta cells balanced an advanced endocrine differentiation as judged by their mRNA expression of conserved beta cell marker genes, with higher expression of genes involved in cell cycle and development. One example, Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1) was used to investigate if neonatal beta cells with basal hyperactivity corresponded to a more immature subset, as marked by high DLK1. Neonatal pancreas contained distinct subsets of DLK1high and DLK1low insulin-expressing cells, but both showed equal hyperactivity. We conclude that neonatal beta cells combine advanced endocrine maturation with traits of residual developmental immaturity. If DLK1 is used as marker for the latter, the basal hyperactivity which proved to be a cardinal feature of neonatal beta cells is not a direct reflection of their residual immaturity. A genome-wide view on postnatal maturation/differentiation of the rat beta cells The study compares Affymetrix RG230.20 expression profiles of 3 cell subsets: (1) HSSC: a population of cells isolated from post natal day 2-3 rat pancreas that is enriched (65-70%) in insulin cells (n=3), (2) LSSC: a population of cells isolated from postnatal day 2-3 rat pancreas that is mostly devoid of endocrine cells, and selected by its low side scatter (n=3); and (3) adult beta: a reference population of FACS-purified adult rat beta cells (>90% insulin+) freshly isolated from pancreas of 10 weeks-old rats (n=5). RNA was extracted from the cells immediately after isolation, without further treatment or culture. Details of the isolation procedure and extensive microscopic characterization of the preps are described in the accompanying scientific paper by Martens GA et al.

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Hepatokine Fetuin-A disrupts functional maturation of pancreatic β-cells

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