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Darolutamide antagonizes androgen signaling by blocking enhancer and super-enhancer activation [ChIP-seq]

ABSTRACT: The androgen receptor (AR) antagonist darolutamide has very recently been approved for the treatment of non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (PCa). Here we determined the genome-wide effects of darolutamide on cis-acting regulatory elements involved in androgen signaling with a focus on enhancer and super-enhancer (SE) regions. Darolutamide strongly depleted the AR from regulatory elements and abolished the AR transcriptional signaling. Using two different androgen-dependent PCa cell lines we identified genomic-regions with different affinities for the AR in androgen-stimulated, androgen-depleted and darolutamide-antagonized conditions. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that darolutamide is a potent AR antagonist blocking genome-wide AR signaling and AR enhancer activation. Further, we show a dynamic AR cistrome and concomitant adapting chromatin environment to varying conditions and identified regions with high AR affinity in cell lines and tissue samples.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE148358 | GEO | 2020/04/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Darolutamide antagonizes androgen signaling by blocking enhancer and super-enhancer activation [RNA-seq]

Project description:The androgen receptor (AR) antagonist darolutamide has very recently been approved for the treatment of non-metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (PCa). Here we determined the genome-wide effects of darolutamide on cis-acting regulatory elements involved in androgen signaling with a focus on enhancer and super-enhancer (SE) regions. Darolutamide strongly depleted the AR from regulatory elements and abolished the AR transcriptional signaling. Using two different androgen-dependent PCa cell lines we identified genomic-regions with different affinities for the AR in androgen-stimulated, androgen-depleted and darolutamide-antagonized conditions. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that darolutamide is a potent AR antagonist blocking genome-wide AR signaling and AR enhancer activation. Further, we show a dynamic AR cistrome and concomitant adapting chromatin environment to varying conditions and identified regions with high AR affinity in cell lines and tissue samples.

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Functional mapping of androgen receptor enhancer activity [II]

Project description:In this study we functionally quantified the enhancer activity of all clinical ARBS. We demonstrated that only 7% of ARBS demonstrate androgen-dependent enhancer activation, while 11% have enhancer activity independent of AR binding. Almost all of these AR enhancers have not been previously studied. Surprisingly the vast majority of ARBS (81%) do not have significant enhancer activity. This in vitro annotation strongly correlated to clinical PCa samples. Integrating long-range chromatin interactome and transcriptomic data, we found androgen inducible enhancers were significantly more enriched to serve as anchors for gene looping and acted as a ?hub? to activate AR-regulated genes. To characterize the mechanism of AR enhancers we developed a deep neural network that can successfully predict active enhancers and identify key features for active enhancers. Finally, combining these results with whole genome sequencing of primary and metastatic PCa, we identified and characterized non-coding somatic SNVs that significantly impacted AR enhancer activity of a critical tumour suppressor.

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Project description:In this study we functionally quantified the enhancer activity of all clinical ARBS. We demonstrated that only 7% of ARBS demonstrate androgen-dependent enhancer activation, while 11% have enhancer activity independent of AR binding. Almost all of these AR enhancers have not been previously studied. Surprisingly the vast majority of ARBS (81%) do not have significant enhancer activity. This in vitro annotation strongly correlated to clinical PCa samples. Integrating long-range chromatin interactome and transcriptomic data, we found androgen inducible enhancers were significantly more enriched to serve as anchors for gene looping and acted as a ‘hub’ to activate AR-regulated genes. To characterize the mechanism of AR enhancers we developed a deep neural network that can successfully predict active enhancers and identify key features for active enhancers. Finally, combining these results with whole genome sequencing of primary and metastatic PCa, we identified and characterized non-coding somatic SNVs that significantly impacted AR enhancer activity of a critical tumour suppressor.

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AR regulated transcriptome in prostate cancer cells

Project description:It has been well established that the transcription factor androgen receptor (AR) is obligatory for prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression, but the precise role of the AR in these processes is still unclear. To dissect the role of AR in shaping the transcriptome of prostate cancer cells, RNA-seq data were obtained from AR-positive LNCaP cells treated with various regimens to manipulate endogenous AR signaling. LNCaP cells were cultured in normal medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) to represent an androgen-dependent (AD) growth state. To mimic the clinical androgen-deprivation-therapy (ADT) settings, cells were grown for 4 days in conditions of either depletion of androgen (i.e., medium containing charcoal:dextran stripped fetal bovine serum (CDSS)) or the presence of AR antagonist Enzalutamide (MDV3100, 10 μM) to represent androgen-independent (AI) growth states. Aside from the pharmaceutical modulations, we also utilized siRNA to knockdown AR. To examine the direct effects of AR signaling on gene transcription and splicing, cells were primed with CDSS for 3 days followed by treatment of 10nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for 8-9 hrs. Deep sequencing of rRNA-depleted total RNAs was performed in biological duplicates on abovementioned LNCaP cultures.

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2019-02-22 | GSE126852 | GEO

Genome-wide occupation of AR, FOXA1, and H3K27AC in LNCaP cells treated with selective PARP2 inhibitor UPF-1069

Project description:Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a key driver of prostate cancer (PCa) growth and progression. Understanding the factors influencing AR-mediated transcription provides new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. We have previously discovered that a genetic variant in one of the DNA repair genes, PARP2, is associated with aggressive PCa. Here, we show that a high expression level of PARP2 in PCa tumors is associated with high Gleason scores and biochemical recurrence using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Functional studies reveal that PARP2 enhances AR-mediated gene expression through interacting with the pioneer factor FOXA1 and facilitating AR recruitment to the enhancer regions genome-wide in PCa cells. Selective targeting of PARP2, but not PARP1, by genetic or pharmacological means blocks interaction between PARP2 and FOXA1, which in turn attenuates AR-mediated transcription and inhibits AR-positive PCa growth. SIGNIFICANCE: Current anti-androgens act through blocking ligand binding or inhibiting androgen synthesis. Selective targeting of PARP2 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for AR inhibition by disruption of FOXA1 function, which may be beneficial to patients, irrespective of their DNA repair defect status and, more importantly, when direct AR-targeted therapies fail.

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Gene expression profilings for prostate cancer cells after inhibition of PARP1 or PARP2 using pharmaceutical or siRNA-based approaches

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RUNX2 selectively attenuates or augments androgen-driven transcription in prostate cancer

Project description:Prostate carcinogenesis is associated with changes in androgen signaling from driving cellular differentiation to promoting oncogenic behaviors. RUNX2 binds the androgen receptor (AR), and ectopic expression of RUNX2 is linked to prostate cancer (PCa) progression. We therefore investigated genome-wide the influence of RUNX2 on androgen-induced gene expression and AR DNA binding in PCa cells. The predominant function of RUNX2 is to inhibit the androgen response, attributable in part to dissociation of AR from target genes such as the tumor suppressor NKX3-1. At a minority of AR target genes, however, AR activity persists in the presence of RUNX2. Some of these genes are co-operatively stimulated by androgen and RUNX2 signaling and are characterized by the presence of putative enhancers co-occupied by AR and RUNX2. Genes synergistically stimulated by AR and RUNX2 include the invasion-promoting transcription factor SNAI2. Indeed, co-activation of AR and RUNX2, but neither alone, stimulated PCa cell invasiveness, which was abolished by SNAI2 silencing. Accordingly, PCa biopsies most strongly stained for SNAI2 exhibit high nuclear expression of both RUNX2 and AR. The RUNX2-mediated locus-dependent modulation of AR activity in PCa opens a research avenue that may guide the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patient management. total RNA from C4-2B/Rx2dox cells was extracted in biological triplicates from four different conditions. Ethanol vehicle control, dox to induce RUNX2 expression, DHT to activate androgen receptor and DHT+dox combined.

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Extensive androgen receptor enhancer heterogeneity in primary prostate cancer patients underlies transcriptional diversity and metastatic potential

Project description:Androgen receptor (AR) drives prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. AR chromatin binding profiles are highly plastic and form recurrent programmatic changes that differentiate disease stages, subtypes and patient outcomes. While prior studies focused on concordance between patient subgroups, inter-tumor heterogeneity of AR enhancer selectivity remains unexplored. Here we report high levels of AR chromatin binding heterogeneity in human primary prostate tumors, that unexpectedly strongly overlap with heterogeneity observed in healthy prostate epithelium. Such heterogeneity has functional consequences, as somatic mutations converge on commonly-shared AR sites in primary over metastatic tissues. In contrast, less-frequently shared AR sites associate strongly with AR-driven gene expression, while such heterogeneous AR enhancer usage also distinguishes patients’ outcome. These findings indicate that epigenetic heterogeneity in primary disease is directly informative for risk of biochemical relapse. Cumulatively, our results illustrate an extraordinary level of AR enhancer heterogeneity in primary PCa driving differential expression and clinical impact.

2022-11-12 | GSE217319 | GEO

Transcriptional repression activity of androgen receptor targets cell plasticity in prostate cancer: BioID analysis

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2022-10-14 | PXD029454 | Pride

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