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Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis coordinates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism

ABSTRACT: Cells harbor two systems for the synthesis of fatty acids, one in the cytoplasm (FASN or fatty acid synthase) and one in the mitochondria (mtFAS). In contrast to FASN, mtFAS is poorly characterized, with the major product(s), metabolic roles, and cellular function(s) essentially unknown. Here we show that hypomorphic mtFAS mutants display a profound loss of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes and exhibit compensatory reductive carboxylation. This effect on ETC complexes is independent of the synthesis of lipoic acid, the best characterized function of mtFAS, as mutants lacking lipoic acid synthesis have an intact ETC. Finally, mtFAS impairment blocks the differentiation of skeletal myoblasts in vitro. These data suggest that ETC activity in mammals is profoundly controlled by mtFAS function, thereby connecting anabolic fatty acid synthesis with the oxidation of carbon fuels.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE148617 | GEO | 2020/08/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:To determine the effects of age and lipoic acid supplementation on hepatic gene expression, we fed young (3 months) and old (24 months) male Fischer 344 rats a diet with or without 0.2% (w/w) R-?-lipoic acid (LA) for two weeks. Total RNA isolated from liver tissue was analyzed by Affymetrix microarray to examine changes in transcriptional profile. Results showed an increase in pro-inflammatory gene expression in the aging liver, with increased immune cell function and tissue remodeling genes, representing 45% of the age-related transcriptome changes. Increased inflammation was corroborated by increases in soluble ICAM1 levels with age. There were also observed age-related increases in transcription of genes related to lipid and cholesterol synthesis including Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (Acacb) and Fatty acid Synthase (Fasn). Supplementation of old animals with LA did not reverse this necro-inflammatory phenotype, yet limited age-associated hepatic dyslipidemia. Dietary LA further affected a small but concerted number of hepatic genes regardless of age. These included declines in lipid and bile synthesis genes. Decline in lipid synthesis genes was further corroborated by a decrease in Fasn and Acc protein levels. Intriguingly, LA also altered the expression of genes governing circadian rhythm, most notably Bmal1, Npas2, and Per2, which changed in a coordinated manner with respect to their rhythmic transcription. Thus, advanced age is associated with a necro-inflammatory phenotype and increased lipid synthesis, while chronic LA supplementation influences hepatic genes associated with energy metabolism and circadian rhythm regardless of age. Young (3 months) and old (24 months) Fischer 344 male rats were fed an AIN-93M diet ± 0.2% (w/w) R-?-lipoic acid for two weeks prior to sacrifice. Total RNA was extracted from the median lobe of the liver and analyzed using Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 Genechips. There were hybridizations for 8 animals in each of the young control, young LA-supplemented, and old control groups, and 6 animals in the old LA-supplemented group. There are only 6 animals in the old LA group because two animals died during the two-week feeding period. This is the reason for nonsequential numbering of animals in this group.

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Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis coordinates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism

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