Refine regulatory elements across the genome
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE149028 | GEO | 2023/04/20
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Enhancers play key roles in gene regulation. However, comprehensive enhancer discovery is challenging because most enhancers, especially those affected in complex diseases, have weak effects on gene expression. Through gene regulatory network modeling, we identified that dynamic cell state transitions, a critical missing component in prevalent enhancer discovery strategies, can be utilized to improve the cells’ sensitivity to enhancer perturbation. Guided by the modeling results, we performed a mid-transition CRISPRi-based enhancer screen utilizing human embryonic stem cell definitive endoderm differentiation as a dynamic transition system. The screen discovered a comprehensive set of enhancers (4 to 9 per locus) for each of the core lineage-specifying transcription factors (TFs), including many enhancers with weak to moderate effects. Integrating the screening results with enhancer activity measurements (ATAC-seq, H3K27ac ChIP-seq) and three-dimensional enhancer-promoter interaction information (CTCF looping, Hi-C), we were able to develop a CTCF loop-constrained Interaction Activity (CIA) model that can better predict functional enhancers compared to models that rely on Hi-C-based enhancer-promoter contact frequency. Together, our dynamic network-guided enhancer screen and the CIA enhancer prediction model provide generalizable strategies for sensitive and more comprehensive enhancer discovery in both normal and pathological cell state transitions.
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Project description:Characteristic features of chromatin states are not limited to particular epigenetic modifications but include other regulatory cues, such as linker DNA length, typically ranging from between 35-55 bp (Valouev et al, 2011; Voong et al., 2016, Cell) to over 200 bp in nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) found at active enhancers and promoters (Schones et al, 2008; Hansen He et al, 2010). To investigate whether and how the nucleosome linker DNA affects chromatin recognition by nuclear proteins we performed a set of affinity purifications using di-nucleosomes incorporating different DNA linkers. This dataset contains experiments aimed to probe how the linker DNA length affects protein binding to di-nucleosomes decorated with H3K9me3 or H3K27me3. The following di-nucleosomes were used in affinity pull-down purifications with HeLa nuclear extract followed by label-free MS: 1. unmod. H3, 35 bp linker 2. unmod. H3, 40 bp linker 3. unmod. H3, 45 bp linker 4. unmod. H3, 50 bp linker 5. unmod. H3, 55 bp linker 6. H3K9me3, 35 bp linker 7. H3K9me3, 40 bp linker 8. H3K9me3, 45 bp linker 9. H3K9me3 50 bp linker 10. H3K9me3, 55 bp linker 11. H3K27me3, 35 bp linker 12. H3K27me3, 40 bp linker 13. H3K27me3, 45 bp linker 14. H3K27me3, 50 bp linker 15. H3K27me3, 55 bp linker
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