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PDCD2 functions as an evolutionarily conserved chaperone dedicated for the 40S ribosomal protein uS5

ABSTRACT: PDCD2 is an evolutionarily conserved protein that is essential for cell proliferation and embryonic development. To date, however, the function of PDCD2 underlying its fundamental cellular role has remained elusive. Here we used quantitative proteomics approaches to define the protein-protein interaction network of human PDCD2. Our data revealed that PDCD2 specifically interacts with the 40S ribosomal protein uS5 (RPS2) and that the PDCD2-uS5 complex is assembled co-translationally. Loss of PDCD2 expression leas to defects in the synthesis of small ribosomal subunit that phenocopies a uS5 deficiency. Notably, we showed that PDCD2 is important for the accumulation of soluble uS5 proteins as well as its incorporation into 40S ribosomal subunit. Our findings support that the essential molecular function of PDCD2 is to act as a dedicated chaperone that recognizes the ribosomal protein uS5 co-translationally in the cytoplasm and accompanies uS5 to ribosome assembly sites in the nucleolus. As most dedicated ribosomal protein chaperones have been identified in yeast, our study indicates that similar mechanisms exist in human cells to assist ribosomal proteins coordinate their folding, nuclear import, and assembly in pre-ribosomal particles.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE151094 | GEO | 2020/09/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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PDCD2 functions as an evolutionarily conserved chaperone dedicated for the 40S ribosomal protein uS5

Project description:PDCD2 functions as an evolutionarily conserved chaperone dedicated for the 40S ribosomal protein uS5

| PRJNA634665 | ENA

Snapshots of pre-rRNA structural flexibility reveal eukaryotic 40S assembly dynamics at nucleotide resolution

Project description:Ribosome assembly in eukaryotes involves the activity of hundreds of assembly factors that direct the hierarchical assembly of ribosomal proteins and numerous ribosomal RNA folding steps. However, detailed insights into the function of assembly factors and ribosomal RNA folding events are lacking. To address this, we have developed ChemModSeq, a method that combines structure probing, high throughput sequencing and statistical modeling, to quantitatively measure RNA structural rearrangements during the assembly of macromolecular complexes. By applying ChemModSeq to purified 40S assembly intermediates we obtained nucleotide-resolution maps of ribosomal RNA flexibility revealing structurally distinct assembly intermediates and mechanistic insights into assembly dynamics not readily observed in cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions. We show that RNA restructuring events coincide with the release of assembly factors and predict that completion of the head domain is required before the Rio1 kinase enters the assembly pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that 40S assembly factors regulate the timely incorporation of ribosomal proteins by delaying specific folding steps in the 3M-bM-^@M-^Y major domain of the 20S pre-ribosomal RNA. Three datasets of yeast ribosomal samples subjected to different chemical modifications; 1M7 dataset contains 8 different modified samples and 2 control samples; NAI dataset contains 3 different modified samples and 2 control samples; DMS dataset contains 1 modified sample and 1 control sample. Each sample consists of at least two replicates.

2014-11-14 | E-GEOD-52878 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Snapshots of pre-rRNA structural flexibility reveal eukaryotic 40S assembly dynamics at nucleotide resolution

2014-11-14 | GSE52878 | GEO

Quantitative Rps2 BioID to monitor Asc1-dependent rearrangement at the head region of the 40S ribosome

Project description:In a previous study we applied a quantitative proximity-labeling technique called Biotin Identification (BioID, Roux et al., 2012) to analyze the microenvironment of the Gβ-like scaffold protein Asc1 (Opitz et al., 2017). The WD40-repeat protein Asc1 binds to the head region of the small 40S ribosomal (hr40S) subunit. In this study, we analyzed the hr40S from the perspective of Rps2, a ribosomal neighbor of Asc1. We intended to confirm proteins of the Asc1 proxiOME at the hr40S and to observe changes when Asc1 was absent. References: Roux K.J., Kim D.I., Raida M., Burke B. 2012. A promiscuous biotin ligase fusion protein identifies proximal and interacting proteins in mammalian cells. J Cell Biol 196:801-810 Opitz N., Schmitt K., Hofer-Pretz V., Neumann B., Krebber H., Braus G.H., Valerius O. 2017. Capturing the Asc1p/RACK1 microenvironment at the head region of the 40S ribosome with quantitative BioID in yeast. Mol Cell Proteomics 16:2199-2218

2019-11-07 | PXD015611 | Pride

40S ribosome profiling reveals distinct roles for Tma20/Tma22 (MCT-1/DENR) and Tma64 (eIF2D) in 40S subunit recycling

Project description:The recycling of ribosomes at stop codons for use in further rounds of translation is critical for efficient protein synthesis. Removal of the 60S subunit is catalyzed by the ATPase Rli1 (ABCE1) while removal of the 40S is thought to require Tma64 (eIF2D), Tma20 (MCT-1), and Tma22 (DENR). However, it remains unclear how these Tma proteins cause 40S removal and control reinitiation of downstream translation. Here we developed an enhanced 40S ribosome footprinting strategy to directly observe intermediate steps of ribosome recycling in cells. Deletion of the genes encoding these Tma proteins resulted in broad accumulation of unrecycled 40S subunits at stop codons, directly establishing their role in 40S recycling. Furthermore, the Tma20/Tma22 heterodimer was responsible for a majority of 40S recycling events while Tma64 played a minor role. Introduction of an autism-associated mutation into TMA22 resulted in a loss of 40S recycling activity, linking ribosome recycling and neurological disease.

2021-03-01 | GSE145904 | GEO

Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 3 Fine-Tunes the Assembly/Disassembly of Pre-ribosomes to Repress Nucleolar Stress by Interacting with RPS2B in Arabidopsis

Project description:Ribosome biogenesis, which takes place mainly in the nucleolus, involves coordinated expression of pre-ribosomal RNAs (pre-rRNAs) and ribosomal proteins, pre-rRNA processing, and subunit assembly with the aid of numerous assembly factors. Our previous study showed that the Arabidopsis thaliana protein arginine methyltransferase AtPRMT3 regulates pre-rRNA processing; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that AtPRMT3 interacts with Ribosomal Protein S2 (RPS2), facilitating processing of the 90S/Small Subunit (SSU) processome and repressing nucleolar stress. We isolated an intragenic suppressor of atprmt3-2, which rescues the developmental defects of atprmt3-2 while produces a putative truncated AtPRMT3 protein bearing the entire N-terminus but lacking an intact enzymatic activity domain. We further identified RPS2 as an interacting partner of AtPRMT3, and found that loss-of-function rps2a2b mutants were phenotypically reminiscent of atprmt3, showing pleiotropic developmental defects and aberrant pre-rRNA processing. RPS2B binds directly to pre-rRNAs in the nucleus, and such binding is enhanced in atprmt3-2. Consistently, multiple components of the 90S/SSU processome were more enriched by RPS2B in atprmt3-2, which accounts for early pre-rRNA processing defects and results in nucleolar stress. Collectively, our study uncovered a novel mechanism by which AtPRMT3 cooperates with RPS2B to facilitate the dynamic assembly/disassembly of the 90S/SSU processome during ribosome biogenesis and repress nucleolar stress.

2020-12-03 | GSE140318 | GEO

OTUD6 deubiquitination of RPS7/eS7 on the free 40S ribosome regulates protein translation and the response to stress

Project description:The life cycle of the ribosome is highly regulated by ubiquitination and deubiquitination events that are remarkably well conserved across the evolutionary scale. We uncover the role of the ovarian tumor (OTU)-class deubiquitinase OTUD6 in setting the level of protein translation by deubiquitination of the RPS7/eS7 subunit of the 40S ribosome in vivo in Drosophila, using endogenously tagged wild-type and mutant proteins. Coimmunoprecipitation and enrichment of monoubiquitinated proteins from catalytically inactive OTUD6 flies revealed the 40S ribosomal protein RPS7 as the major OTUD6 ribosomal substrate. OTUD6 genetically interacts with the 40S protein RACK1 and the ubiquitin E3 ligases CNOT4 and RNF10 to set alkylation stress sensitivity by regulating the level of RPS7 monoubiquitination. OTUD6 specifically interacts with RPS7 on the free 40S subunit, and not on translation initiation complexes or the 80S translating ribosome. Moreover, mRNAs are depleted of free 40S ribosomal subunits in catalytically inactive OTUD6 flies. OTUD6 bidirectionally promotes the global level of protein translation through its action on RPS7. OTUD6 protein is itself regulated by different physiological conditions and stressors to lower the level of RPS7 monoubiquitination and increase the level of protein translation. We propose that OTUD6 promotes translation initiation, the rate limiting step in protein translation, by titering the availability of 40S subunits for forming the 43S preinitiation complex.

2023-01-10 | MSV000091040 | MassIVE

Tma64 (eIF2D), Tma20 (MCT-1), and Tma22 (DENR) recycle post-termination 40S subunits in vivo

Project description:The recycling of ribosomal subunits after translation termination is critical for efficient gene expression. Tma64 (eIF2D), Tma20 (MCT-1), and Tma22 (DENR) function as 40S recycling factors in vitro, but it is unknown whether they perform this function in vivo or serve as alternative initiation factors. Ribosome profiling of strains missing these factors revealed 80S ribosomes queued behind the stop codon, consistent with a block in 40S recycling. We found that unrecycled ribosomes could reinitiate translation at AUG codons in the 3’UTR, as evidenced by peaks in the footprint data and 3’UTR reporter analysis. In vitro translation experiments using reporter mRNAs containing upstream ORFs (uORFs) further established that reinitiation increased in the absence of these proteins. In some cases, 40S ribosomes appeared to rejoin with 60S subunits and undergo an alternative 80S reinitiation process in 3’UTRs. These results support a crucial role for Tma64, Tma20, and Tma22 in the recycling of 40S ribosomal subunits at stop codons and translation reinitiation.

2018-08-30 | GSE108942 | GEO

Chromatin localization of nucleophosmin determines the sorting and compartmentalization of ribosome biogenesis

Project description:Assembly of eukaryotic ribosomes begins in the nucleolus, a compartmentalized membraneless organelle. Although the two ribosomal subunits, 40S and 60S, assemble independently, it remains unknown if these particles are physically sorted as they assemble and how they partition from the central chromatin compartment into the outer nucleolar regions, where maturation occurs. In this study, we show that nucleophosmin specifically mediates the assembly of nascent 60S subunits and that this specificity is determined by its chromatin localization at the rDNA sites encoding for 60S subunit rRNA. Nucleophosmin dissociates from chromatin to bind nascent 60S subunits, causing their partitioning away from chromatin and from nascent 40S subunits through liquid-liquid phase separation. This directs translocation of nascent 60S subunits towards the nucleophosmin-rich granular component, where biogenesis continues. Notably, this compartmentalization increases the efficiency of 60S subunit assembly, specifically the incorporation of the 60S domain III. Our data reveal that the chromatin localization of nucleophosmin determines its specificity in sorting and coordinates the movement of ribosomal subunits into specialized assembly compartments.

2023-03-01 | GSE156203 | GEO

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