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Dual targeting of brain region-specific kinases potentiates neurological rescue in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1

ABSTRACT: We performed an shRNA screen to identify novel ATXN1 protein level regulators in hope of finding some that may improve brainstem function in SCA1. We found that two closely related BTB-ZF transcription factors, ZBTB7A and ZBTB7B, positively regulate ATXN1 levels in vitro and in vivo, with ZBTB7B displaying a more pronounced effect. ZBTB7B regulates ATXN1 by regulating the transcription of RSK3 (RPS6KA2). RSK3 in turn regulates ATXN1 by phosphorylating its serine 776 (S776), a residue critical for ATXN1 stability, which is similar to another one previously identified ATXN1 kinase, MSK1. However, despite the convergent function of the two kinases, each kinase selectively regulates Atxn1 in a brain region-dependent manner; Msk1 predominantly regulates Atxn1 in the cerebellum, while Rsk3 is the predominant regulator of Atxn1 in the brainstem. Our results demonstrate that toxic protein levels can be modulated by different regulators in select brain regions, and hence targeting multiple regulators can expand therapeutic efficacy to rescue multiple degenerating brain areas.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE151276 | GEO | 2021/03/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Reduction of Protein Kinase A-mediated Phosphorylation of ATXN1-S776 in Purkinje Cells Delays Onset of Ataxia in a SCA1 Mouse Model.

Project description:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat neurodegenerative disease in which a primary site of pathogenesis are cerebellar Purkinje cells. In addition to polyQ expansion of ataxin-1 protein (ATXN1), phosphorylation of ATXN1 at the serine 776 residue (ATXN1-pS776) plays a significant role in protein toxicity. Utilizing a biochemical approach, pharmacological agents and cell-based assays, including SCA1 patient iPSC-derived neurons, we examine the role of Protein Kinase A (PKA) as an effector of ATXN1-S776 phosphorylation. We further examine the implications of PKA-mediated phosphorylation at ATXN1-S776 on SCA1 through genetic manipulation of the PKA catalytic subunit Cα in Pcp2-ATXN1[82Q] mice. Here we show that pharmacologic inhibition of S776 phosphorylation in transfected cells and SCA1 patient iPSC-derived neuronal cells lead to a decrease in ATXN1. In vivo, reduction of PKA-mediated ATXN1-pS776 results in enhanced degradation of ATXN1 and improved cerebellar-dependent motor performance. These results provide evidence that PKA is a biologically important kinase for ATXN1-pS776 in cerebellar Purkinje cells.

2019-05-31 | GSE114815 | GEO

Transcriptomic approach reveals splicing dysregulation in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1

Project description:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the ATXN1 gene leading to an expanded polyglutamine tract in the ATAXIN-1 protein. Ataxin-1 is broadly expressed throughout the brain and is known to be involved in regulating gene expression; however, it is not yet determined if mutant ataxin-1 regulates alternative splicing events. Utilizing SCA1 mouse models, we performed bulk RNA sequencing and looked for misregulated alternative splicing (mAS) events in SCA1 mouse cerebella. We found that mutant ataxin-1 causes mAS events to occur in the SCA1 mouse cerebella. Furthermore, we showed that abnormal splicing events predominantly occur in cell types that express mutant ataxin-1. Less than 25% of the mAS events were also differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and therefore their transcriptional dysregulation was previously unknown in the context of SCA1. We show through gene ontology analysis that mAS events reveal new biological pathways: mAS events showed changes in structural morphogenesis whereas DEGs showed changes in ion channel and transmembrane transport. We also report that mutant ataxin-1 causes dysregulation of expression of other ataxia-causing genes, providing evidence for molecular basis of clinical similarity among otherwise heterogeneous inherited cerebellar ataxias. We also identified the potential mechanism by which mutant ATXN1 causes mAS through its interaction with RBFOX1.

2023-10-20 | GSE232368 | GEO

Transcription profiling of ataxin-null (Atxn-null) vs. wild type mice to investigate spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1)

Project description:Ataxin 1 (Atxn1) is a protein of unknown function associated with cerebellar neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). SCA1 is caused by an expanded polyglutamine within Atxn1 by gain-of-function mechanisms. Lack of Atxn1 in mice triggers motor deficits in the absence of neurodegeneration or apparent neuropathological abnormalities.We extracted RNA from cerebellum of 5 Atxn1-null mice and 5 WT. Cerebellar gene expression profiles at 15 weeks of age were generated usSCA1 ing Affymetrix MOE430A arrays. Identifying the molecular pathways regulated by Atxn1 can provide insights into the early molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal dysfunction.

2006-12-01 | E-MEXP-886 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gain of function of the ATXN1-CIC complex drives cerebellar pathology in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (part 2)

Project description:We isolated RNA from cerebella dissected from Pcp2-ATXN1[82Q], Pcp2-ATXN1[82Q]V591A;S602D, and wild-type littermates at one year of age

2018-04-24 | GSE108255 | GEO

Identifying common and region-specific disease signatures in Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 1 cortex and cerebellum

Project description:The neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is known to lead to progressive degeneration of specific neuronal populations, including cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), brainstem cranial nerve nuclei and inferior olive nuclei, and spinocerebellar tracts. The disease-causing protein ataxin-1 is fairly ubiquitously expressed throughout the brain and spinal cord, but most studies have primarily focused on the role of ataxin-1 in the cerebellum and brainstem. Therefore, the functions of ataxin-1 and the effects of SCA1 mutations in other brain regions including the cortex are not well known. Here, we characterized pathology in the motor cortex of a SCA1 mouse model and performed RNA sequencing in this brain region to investigate the impact of mutant ataxin-1 towards transcriptomic alterations. We identified progressive cortical pathology and significant transcriptomic changes in the motor cortex of a SCA1 mouse model. We also identified progressive, region-specific, colocalization of p62 with mutant ataxin-1 aggregates in broad brain regions, but not the cerebellum or brainstem. A cross-regional comparison of the SCA1 cortical and cerebellar transcriptomic changes identified both common and unique gene expression changes between the two regions, including shared synaptic dysfunction and region-specific kinase regulation. These findings suggest that the cortex is progressively impacted via both shared and region-specific mechanisms in SCA1.

2022-08-22 | GSE211678 | GEO

Disruption of the ATXN1-CIC complex reveals the role of additional nuclear ATXN1 interactors in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 [RNA-seq]

Project description:mRNA profiles of 10-week mice in wild-type (WT), Atxn1_154Q/2Q (SCA1), Atxn1_154Q[V5591A;S602D]/2Q (154Q AXH) genotypes across 5 different brain regions (cerebellum, brainstem, hippocampus, striatum and cortex)

2022-12-13 | GSE218283 | GEO

Decreasing Mutant ATXN1 Nuclear Localization Improves a Spectrum of SCA1-Like Phenotypes and Brain Region Transcriptomic Profiles

Project description:Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a dominant trinucleotide repeat neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and premature death. Degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells is a frequent and prominent pathological feature of SCA1. We previously showed that transport of ATXN1 to Purkinje cell nuclei is required for pathology, where mutant ATXN1 alters transcription. To examine the role of ATXN1 nuclear localization broadly in SCA1-like disease pathogenesis, CRISPR-Cas9 was used to develop a mouse with an amino acid alteration (K772T) in the nuclear localization sequence of the expanded ATXN1 protein. Characterization of these mice indicates proper nuclear localization of mutant ATXN1 contributes to many disease-like phenotypes including motor dysfunction, cognitive deficits, and premature lethality. RNA sequencing analysis of genes with expression corrected to WT levels in Atxn1175QK772T/2Q mice indicates that transcriptomic aspects of SCA1 pathogenesis differ between the cerebellum, brainstem, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum.

2022-12-01 | GSE218303 | GEO

Molecular pathway analysis towards understanding tissue vulnerability in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1

Project description:Purpose: The goals of this study were to identify the molecular alterations in the SCA1 inferior olive, and determine whether these changes are found in other affected tissues. Methods: mRNA profiling was conducted in two different SCA1 mouse models (Atxn1 154Q/2Q KI and ATXN1-82Q Tg), in two different affected tisues (inferior olive and cerebellum) during early disease initiation and progression (5 week and 12 week time-points). All analyses were conducted relative to appropriate wild-type controls. TopHat2 v2.1.0 was utilized to align reads to the mouse reference genome (mm10) before quantification and differential expression analysis with Cufflinks v2.2.1. Normalized expression values were generated using Cuffnorm. Results: Differentially regulated genes identified in the SCA1 inferior olive segregated into several enriched biological pathways, including the Defense Response at 12 weeks of age. Our study demonstrates that vulnerable tissues in SCA1 are not uniform in their gene expression changes, and express discrete and commonly enriched biological pathways. In addition, we found that brain region-specific differences occur early in disease initiation and progression at 5 weeks of age. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that different mechanisms of neurodegeneration are at work in the SCA1 inferior olive and cerebellum.

2018-12-04 | GSE122099 | GEO

RNA sequencing of a Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) mouse model containing the full human ATXN3 gene with a repeat expansion of 75-80 CAGs I

Project description:We have performed RNA sequencing analysis of brain tissue and blood from the MJD84.2 mouse model for SCA3 (described by Cemal et al, Human molecular genetics 2002, 11:1075-1094). Mice were 17.5 months of age at sacrifice and brainstem, cerebellum, cortex and striatum were sequenced. Transgenic SCA3 mice showed most transcriptional changes in striatum and brainstem. Axon guidance, synaptic transmission, pi-3k cascade and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways are implicated to be affected based on the transcriptional changes.

2017-12-13 | GSE107958 | GEO

Wild type and Zbtb7b knockout mouse brown adipose tissue

Project description:Zbtb7b is a zinc finger and BTB domain containing transcription factor that activates the thermogenic gene program during brown and beige adipocyte differentiation. Zbtb7b interacts with the long noncoding RNA Blnc1 and hnRNPU to form a ribonucleoprotein transcriptional complex We used microarray to determine how Zbtb7b regulates brown fat gene expression at ambient room temperature and following cold exposure

2018-02-15 | GSE100924 | GEO

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