Low-input RNase footprinting to profile RNA translation
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE151986 | GEO | 2022/01/20
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Low-input RNase footprinting to profile RNA translation
| PRJNA638018 | ENA
Project description:Low-input RNase footprinting for simultaneous quantification of cytosolic and mitochondrial translation
| PRJNA638017 | ENA
Project description:The roles of RNA-binding proteins as chaperones in the lifecycles of mRNAs are not well understood. The mammalian mitochondrial genome has been compressed over evolution to a size of just 16 kb, nevertheless the expression of its genes requires transcription, RNA processing, translation and RNA decay, much like the more complex chromosomal systems, providing an opportunity to use it as a model system to understand the fundamental aspects of gene expression. Here we combine RNase footprinting with PAR-CLIP at unprecedented depth to reveal the importance of RNA-protein interactions guided by the LRPPRC/SLIRP complex in dictating RNA folding within the mitochondrial transcriptome. We show that LRPPRC, in complex with its protein partner SLIRP, binds throughout the mitochondrial transcriptome, with a preference for mRNAs, and its loss affects the entire secondary structure and stability of the transcriptome. We demonstrate that the LRPPRC/SLIRP complex is a global RNA chaperone that stabilizes RNA structures to expose the required sites for translation, stabilization and polyadenylation. Our findings reveal a general mechanism where extensive RNA-protein interactions ensure that RNA is accessible for its biological functions.
2017-11-21 | GSE100729 | GEO
Project description:We developed native elongating transcript sequencing (NET-seq, Churchman and Weissman Nature 2011, PMID: 21248844) combined with RNase footprinting of nascent transcripts (RNET-seq) to visualize translocation dynamics and nascent transcript errors in paused RNA polymerases in E. coli. We employed RNET-seq to the wild-type (WT) E. coli strain and to an isogenic strain deficient in genes for GreA and GreB (ΔgreAB). Gre factors and their eukaryotic analog TFIIS rescue backtracked complexes of RNAP. Briefly, the cells were rapidly lysed via spheroplasting, and the transcribing RNAPs were released from the genomic DNA by digestion with DNase I. Any ribosomes involved in co-transcriptional translation were separated from RNAP by digestion with RNase A. All RNAPs including those associated with the fragmented double-stranded DNAs and their 5’-truncated nascent RNAs were immobilized on Ni2+-NTA beads through the hexa-histidine-tagged β’ subunit and then extensively washed with a high-salt buffer. The 5’ ends of the transcripts in ECs were trimmed with RNase T1/V1 to leave a minimal length of RNA protected by RNAP. The RNases were subsequently removed by further washing of the beads. Elution with imidazole generated ECs carrying ~6-30 nt long transcripts. The nascent RNAs isolated from the ΔgreAB strain were longer than those from the WT strain and peaked at 18 nt versus 16 nt suggesting an enrichment of backtracked ECs, which is expected to occur in the absence of Gre-dependent 3’ RNA cleavage.
2015-04-29 | GSE62102 | GEO
Project description:We developed native elongating transcript sequencing (NET-seq, Churchman and Weissman Nature 2011, PMID: 21248844) combined with RNase footprinting of nascent transcripts (RNET-seq) to visualize translocation dynamics and nascent transcript errors in paused RNA polymerases in E. coli. We employed RNET-seq to the wild-type (WT) E. coli strain and to an isogenic strain deficient in genes for GreA and GreB (ΔgreAB). Gre factors and their eukaryotic analog TFIIS rescue backtracked complexes of RNAP. Briefly, the cells were rapidly lysed via spheroplasting, and the transcribing RNAPs were released from the genomic DNA by digestion with DNase I. Any ribosomes involved in co-transcriptional translation were separated from RNAP by digestion with RNase A. All RNAPs including those associated with the fragmented double-stranded DNAs and their 5’-truncated nascent RNAs were immobilized on Ni2+-NTA beads through the hexa-histidine-tagged β’ subunit and then extensively washed with a high-salt buffer. The 5’ ends of the transcripts in ECs were trimmed with RNase T1/V1 to leave a minimal length of RNA protected by RNAP. The RNases were subsequently removed by further washing of the beads. Elution with imidazole generated ECs carrying ~6-30 nt long transcripts. The nascent RNAs isolated from the ΔgreAB strain were longer than those from the WT strain and peaked at 18 nt versus 16 nt suggesting an enrichment of backtracked ECs, which is expected to occur in the absence of Gre-dependent 3’ RNA cleavage. The RNET-seq method involves trimming of excess nascent RNA from the 5’ ends leaving only the nascent RNA that is protected by RNAP. A previous in vitro study showed that an RNAP forming an EC protects different lengths of the 3’-proximal transcript from trimming by RNases A and T1 depending on the EC translocation state. Post-translocated, pre-translocated, and backtracked complexes protect 14-nt, 15-nt and >15-nt segments of the RNA, respectively. Because the very 3’ end of the RNA is extruded to a narrow pore within front of the enzyme during backtracking, the extruded RNA remains inaccessible to RNases increasing in length as backtracking increases. Thus, paused RNAP in either the pre- and post-translocated states as well as in different backtracked distances were monitored over the entire genome. The unique properties of our RNET-seq approach provided an opportunity to dissect the core mechanisms of different types of pausing in living cells.
2015-04-29 | E-GEOD-62102 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are intimately involved in all aspects of RNA processing and regulation and are linked to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Therefore, understanding the relationship between RBPs and their RNA targets is critical for a broader understanding of post-transcriptional regulation in normal and disease processes. The majority of approaches to study RNA-protein interactions focus on single RBPs, however there are many hundreds RBPs encoded in the human genome, and each cell type expresses a different catalog of these regulatory molecules, greatly limiting the ability of these single RBP approaches to capture the global landscape of RNA-protein interactions. We and others have developed approaches to globally catalog regions of mRNAs that are bound by proteins in an unbiased manner. Here we describe a detailed protocol for performing our RNase-mediated protein footprint sequencing approach, termed protein interaction profile sequencing (PIP-seq). In this protocol, RNA-protein interactions are stabilized by cross-linking, and un-bound regions are digested with RNases, leaving only the protein-bound regions intact. To control for RNase insensitive regions, proteins are first denatured and then RNP complexes are subject to RNase treatment. After high-throughput sequencing of remaining fragments, peak calling is performed to identify protein protected sites (PPSs). We describe the application of this protocol to a human embryonic kidney cell line and perform basic quality control, reproducibility and benchmarking analyses. Finally, we describe the landscape of protein-interactions in HEK293T cells, underscoring the value of this approach. Future applications of this method to study the dynamics of RNA-protein interactions in developmental processes will help to uncover the role of RBPs in post-transcriptional regulation. Protein interaction profile sequencing (PIP-seq) in HEK293T cells. Three replicates of formaldehyde cross-linked PIP-seq are described
2014-10-20 | E-GEOD-57881 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Two types of RNA:DNA associations can lead to genome instability: the formation of R-loops during transcription and the incorporation of ribonucleotide monophosphates (rNMPs) into DNA during replication. Both ribonuclease (RNase) H1 and RNase H2 degrade the RNA component of R-loops, whereas only RNase H2 can remove one or a few rNMPs from DNA. We performed high-resolution mapping of mitotic recombination events throughout the yeast genome in diploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking RNase H1 (rnh1Δ), RNase H2 (rnh201Δ), or both RNase H1 and RNase H2 (rnh1Δ rnh201Δ). We found little effect on recombination in the rnh1Δ strain, but elevated recombination in both the rnh201Δ and the double-mutant strains; levels of recombination in the double mutant were about 50% higher than in the rnh201 single-mutant strain. An rnh201Δ mutant that additionally contained a mutation that reduces rNMP incorporation by DNA polymerase ε (pol2-M644L) had a level of instability similar to that observed in the presence of wild-type Polε. This result suggests that the elevated recombination observed in the absence of only RNase H2 is primarily a consequence of R loops rather than misincorporated rNMPs. The details of these experiments are in press in Genetics This diploid S.cerevisiae strain used here is a hybrid between W303-1A and YJM789. The backgrounds are diverged by about 50,000 polymorphisms that are surveyed by custom CGH microarrays containing SNP-specific probes (St. Charles et al., 2012; Genetics 190: 1267-1284; PMID 22267500). The whole genome array surveyed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events throughout the genome of in wild type, pol2-M644L, rnh1Δ, rnh201Δ, rnh201Δ pol2-M644L, and rnh1Δ rnh201Δ mutant backgrounds in 10, 12, 10, 19, 17, and 22 samples, respectively. The names of these strains are KO_198,KO_234, KO_73, KO_75, KO_244, and KO_5, respectively. Another assay was performed mapping reciprocal crossover events on the right arm of chromosome IV in the rnh201Δ (strains KO_135 and KO188) and the rnh1Δrnh201Δ (strain KO_132) mutant backgrounds. A reporter system with a wild type ADE2 on the end of chromosome IV allowed us to detect crossovers by seeing a red-white sectored colony. Each reciprocal event was mapped by doing a microarray specific for the right arm of chromosome IV (St. Charles and Petes, 2013; PLoS Genet. 1267-1284 PMCID PMC3616911) on the red and white sides of sectors. 21 sectors were analyzed for the rnh201Δ mutant while 14 were analyzed for the rnh1Δ rnh201Δ mutant. We mapped crossovers on the right arm of chromosome IV in the rnh201Δ mutant in four different diploid isolates: KO135_5 (1R/1W, 2R/2W, 4R/4W, 5R/5W, 12R/12W, and 13R/13W), KO_135_6 (1R/1W, 4R/4W, 5R/5W, 7R/7W, 9R/9W, 11R/11W, 13R/13W, and 17R/17W), KO 188_1 (1R/1W, and 4R/4W), and KO188_2 (6R/6W, 7R/7W, 11R/11W, and 12R/12W). We mapped crossovers on the right arm of chromosome IV in the rnh1Δ rnh201Δ mutant in two different diploid isolates: KO_132_31 (2R/2W, 6R/6W, 8R/8W, 15R/15W, 17R/17W, 21R/21W, 22R/22W, and 24R/24W) and KO_132_29 (3R/3W, 7R/7W, 18R/18W, 24R/24W, and 34R/34W).
2015-09-23 | E-GEOD-73334 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Two types of RNA:DNA associations can lead to genome instability: the formation of R-loops during transcription and the incorporation of ribonucleotide monophosphates (rNMPs) into DNA during replication. Both ribonuclease (RNase) H1 and RNase H2 degrade the RNA component of R-loops, whereas only RNase H2 can remove one or a few rNMPs from DNA. We performed high-resolution mapping of mitotic recombination events throughout the yeast genome in diploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking RNase H1 (rnh1Δ), RNase H2 (rnh201Δ), or both RNase H1 and RNase H2 (rnh1Δ rnh201Δ). We found little effect on recombination in the rnh1Δ strain, but elevated recombination in both the rnh201Δ and the double-mutant strains; levels of recombination in the double mutant were about 50% higher than in the rnh201 single-mutant strain. An rnh201Δ mutant that additionally contained a mutation that reduces rNMP incorporation by DNA polymerase ε (pol2-M644L) had a level of instability similar to that observed in the presence of wild-type Polε. This result suggests that the elevated recombination observed in the absence of only RNase H2 is primarily a consequence of R loops rather than misincorporated rNMPs.
2015-09-23 | GSE73334 | GEO
Project description:We applied ribosomal footprinting experiment followed by RNA-seq in order to detect circular RNA associated with ribosomes in fly heads.
2017-03-24 | GSE79626 | GEO
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2022-01-20 | GSE151989 | GEO