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Synchronization and interaction of proline, ascorbate and oxidative stress pathways under abiotic stress combination in tomato plants

ABSTRACT: Adverse environmental conditions, such as salinity, heat waves, or water scarcity have a devastating impact on plant productivity. In nature, multiple abiotic stresses occur simultaneously and plants evolved unique responses to cope against combination stress that are not induced under a single stress condition. Here we coupled genome-wide transcriptional profiling and untargeted metabolomics with physiological and biochemical analyses to characterize the effect of salinity and heat applied jointly in the metabolism of tomato plants. Our results demonstrate that combination of salinity and heat causes unique reprogramming of tomato metabolic pathways, including changes in the expression of 1,388 genes and accumulation of 568 molecular features. Pathway enrichment analysis of transcript and metabolite data indicated that the proline and ascorbate pathways act synchronously to maintain cellular redox homeostasis, which was supported by measurements of enzymatic activity and oxidative stress markers. We also identified key transcription factors from the basic Leucine Zipper Domain (bZIP), Zinc Finger Cysteine-2/Histidine-2 (C2H2) and Trihelix families that are likely regulators of the identified up-regulated genes under salinity and heat combination. Our results expand the current understanding of how plants acclimate to environmental stresses in combination and unveiled the synergism between key cellular metabolic pathways for effective reactive oxygen species detoxification. Our study opens the door to elucidating the different signaling mechanisms for stress tolerance.

ORGANISM(S): Solanum lycopersicum

PROVIDER: GSE152620 | GEO | 2021/09/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:In natural habitats, plants are often exposed to multiple stresses. Most studies, however, for plant abiotic stress responses analyzed those to individual stress but not combined stresses. In this report, we performed comparison analyses of gene expression to individual stresses, salt, osmotic and heat, and to a combination of these three stresses, which mimics arid conditions. We show here that the combined stress treatment induces unique gene expression pattern but not a simple reflection of the additive effects of individual stresses. First, the number of genes induced by combined stresses (150 mM NaCl, 200 mM mannitol and 35Â°C heat) was much smaller when compared to the sum of those induced by individual stress treatments, while the number of genes downregulated by multiple stresses was larger. A large number of genes induced by mannitol were not induced by multiple stresses, while those induced by salts were less affected in combined stress treatments. In addition, 125 genes, including13 for transcription factors, were found to be induced specifically by combined stress treatments. We report here that the plant response to a multi-stress environment represents an output of complex interactions between different stress aspects and signaling events of the various components of this environmental situation, and the determinative factor in this response is to avoid/minimize the antagonistic effects and to magnify the synergistic features of the imposed environmental challenges. Based on our results, we propose that genes that are highly induced by multiple treatments may be candidate for engineering stress tolerant crop plants. Wild-type plants of Arabidopsis thaliana were treated with three abiotic stresses, high salinity (150mM and 300mM), high osmotic pressure (200mM and 400mM mannitol) and heat (35Â°C), individually or simultaneously. Plants were treated with salt or mannitol for 16 hrs (first 1 hr and last 7 hrs are in light and other time in dark) or with heat for 4 hrs (in light) before sampling. There are three biologcal replicates.

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Synchronization and interaction of proline, ascorbate and oxidative stress pathways under abiotic stress combination in tomato plants

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