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RNA-seq profiling of human Tregs and conventional CD4+ cells that were left untransduced or transduced with a non-tonic signaling (CD19) or a tonic signaling (HA) CAR

ABSTRACT: Whether or not human Tregs are susceptible to exhaustion, and if so, if this would limit their therapeutic effect, was unknown. We studied how a tonic-signaling CAR, which induce Tconv exhaustion, affect human Tregs. We thus sorted naïve Tregs and naïve conventional CD4s and either left them untransduced (UT) or transduced them with a non-TS CAR (CD19) or a TS-CAR (HA). After 12 days in culture, we isolated their RNA and did RNA sequencing.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE153384 | GEO | 2023/03/15

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Purpose: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the systems-based analysis of cellular pathways. The goals of this study are to compare NGS-derived transcriptome profiling (RNA-seq) between two generations of CAR-T cells aimed at integrating their fitness to overcome exhaustion and stress in tumor microenvironments Methods: mRNA profiles of CAR-T cells co-cultured with target cells for 48 hours were generated by deep sequencing. Human CD45 enrichment was performed to decrease tumor contamination. Results: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of the RNA expression profile of T cells obtained 48 hours post co-culture with target cells demonstrated the enrichment of genes with memory T cell phenotype in B7H3 CAR-T compared to GD2-B7H3 T cells. However, B7H3 CAR-T cells were enriched in genes associated with glycolysis and apoptosis pathways suggesting a committed terminal fate for these T cells. There was significantly greater expression of genes attributed to exhaustion in B7H3 CAR-T cells than GD2-B7H3 T cells. In particular, B7H3 CAR-T cells showed higher expression of inhibitory receptors LAG3, HAVCR2 (TIM3), and BTLA genes, along with exhaustion-related transcription factor genes TBX21 (T-bet), PRDM1 (Blimp-1), and IKZF2 (Helios). B7H3 CAR-T cells also expressed genes that encode transcription factors reported to be associated with activated and memory T cells, such as KLF6, JUN, and JUNB. Conclusions: Our study represents the first analysis of transcriptome comparing SynNotch gated GD2-B7H3 CAR-T cells versus the conventional B7H3 CAR-T cells. GD2-B7H3 T cells exhibited superior resistance to exhaustion and greater metabolic fitness in comparison to conventional CAR-T cells. Metabolic preference (glycolytic versus oxidative) has an enormous impact on T cell fate. After eradicating NBL cells, GD2-B7H3 T cells had an oxygen consumption rate similar to UT cells, suggesting that the gated T cells can revert to their naïve metabolic state. Improved metabolic plasticity and reprogramming in favor of oxidative rather than glycolytic phosphorylation supports the hypothesis that the gated CAR-T cells likely have intact expansion potential, similar to unmanipulated naïve T cells. We observed significant enrichment of glycolytic genes in conventional B7H3 CAR-T cells compared to GD2-B7H3 T cells, supporting our metabolic studies. Our data suggest that SynNotch gated CAR-T cells have a more favorable oxidative metabolic profile than 4-1BB CAR-T cells.

Dataset Information

RNA-seq profiling of human Tregs and conventional CD4+ cells that were left untransduced or transduced with a non-tonic signaling (CD19) or a tonic signaling (HA) CAR

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