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Apoplastic lipid barriers regulated by conserved homeobox transcription factors extend seed longevity in multiple plant species

ABSTRACT: •Cutin and suberin are lipid polyesters deposited in specific apoplastic compartments. Their fundamental roles in plant biology include controlling the movement of gases, water and solutes, and conferring pathogen resistance. Both cutin and suberin have been shown to be present in the Arabidopsis seed coat where they regulate seed dormancy and longevity. •In this study, we use accelerated and natural aging seed assays, glutathione redox potential measures, optical and transmission electron microscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to demonstrate that increasing the accumulation of lipid polyesters in the seed coat is the mechanism by which the AtHB25 transcription factor regulates seed permeability and longevity. •Chromatin immunoprecipitation during seed maturation revealed that the lipid polyester biosynthetic gene LACS2 (long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2) is a direct AtHB25 binding target. Gene transfer of this transcription factor to wheat and tomato demonstrates the importance of apoplastic lipid polyesters for the maintenance of seed viability. •Our work establishes AtHB25 as a trans-species regulator of seed longevity and has identified the deposition of apoplastic lipid barriers as a key parameter to improve seed longevity in multiple plant species.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE154886 | GEO | 2021/03/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Seed coat colour is determined by the type of pigment deposited in the seed coat cells. It is related to important agronomic traits of seeds, such as seed dormancy, longevity, oil content, protein content and fibre content. In Brassica napus, inheritance of seed coat colour is related to maternal effects and pollen effects (xenia effects). In this research, we isolated a mutation of yellow seeded B. napus controlled by a single Mendelian locus with pollen effect. Microcopy of transverse sections of the mature seed shows pigment is deposited only in the epidermal cells, the first cell layer of seed coat. By Illumina Hiseq 2000 sequencing technology, a total of 12 G clean data, 116x coverage of coding sequences of B. napus, was achieved from 26-day old brown and yellow seeds. It was assembled into 172,238 independent transcripts and 55,637 unigenes by Trinity. A total of 150 orthologous genes of Arabidopsis transparent testa (TT) genes were mapped in silico to 19 chromosomes of B. napus. Only 49 of the TT orthologous genes are transcripted in seeds. However transcription of all the orthologs was independent of the embryonal control of seed coat colour. Of all the Trinity-assembled unigenes, only 55 genes were found to be differentially expressed between the brown seeds and yellow mutant. Among them 50 were up-regulated and 5 were down-regulated in the yellow seeds as compared to the brown counterpart. By KEGG classification, 14 metabolic pathways were enriched significantly. Of these, 5 pathways: phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cyanoamino acid metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, were related with seed coat pigmentation. Free amino acid quantification showed that Ala and Phe were produced at higher levels in the embryo of yellow seeds as compared to brown seeds. This increase was not observed in the seed coat. Moreover, the excess amount of free Ala was exactly twice that of Phe in the 26-day embryo of yellow seeds. Pigment indispensable substrate chalcone is synthesized from two molecules of Ala and one molecule of Phe. The correlation between accumulation of Ala and Phe and disappearance of pigment in the yellow seeded mutant indicate that embryonal control of seed coat colour is related with Phe and Ala metabolism in the embryo of B. napus.

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Apoplastic lipid barriers regulated by conserved homeobox transcription factors extend seed longevity in multiple plant species

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