MYC controls a double-stranded RNA-dependent autocrine pathway that links nuclear mRNA splicing to pro-inflammatory signaling in pancreatic carcinoma
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE154903 | GEO | 2022/08/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an endosomal pattern recognition receptor (PRR), recognizing double stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a distinct Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) for viral infections. We aim to understand the contribution of TLR3 to the dsRNA response in hepatocytes. The innate immune response of cells of hepatic origin (Huh7, Huh7.5, PH5CH and primary human hepatocytes (PHH)) was analyzed by transcriptome analysis (RNAseq) upon supernatant delivery or transfection of synthetic dsRNA (poly(I:C)). Expression of TLR3 and RIG-I was reconstituted by lentiviral transduction in Huh7 and Huh7.5 cells. Huh7 and Huh7.5 cells, devoid of functional TLR3 expression, did not respond to supernatant delivery of poly(I:C), in contrast to PH5CH and PHH, confirming a high selectivity of this method towards activating TLR3 in all hepatocyte models.
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Project description:Loss of RNA homeostasis underlies numerous neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms that trigger neuroinflammation are poorly understood. Viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggers innate immune responses when sensed by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) present in all cell types. Here, we report that human neurons intrinsically carry exceptionally high levels of immunostimulatory dsRNAs and identify long 3'UTRs as giving rise to neuronal dsRNA structures. We found that the neuron-enriched ELAVL family of genes (ELAVL2, -3, -4) can increase 1) 3'UTR length, 2) dsRNA load, and 3) activation of dsRNA-sensing PRRs such as MDA5, PKR, and TLR3. In wild-type neurons, neuronal dsRNAs signaled through PRRs to induce tonic production of the antiviral type I interferon. Depleting ELAVL2 in WT neurons led to global shortening of 3'UTR length, reduced immunostimulatory dsRNA levels, and rendered WT neurons susceptible to herpes simplex virus and Zika virus infection. Neurons deficient in ADAR1, a dsRNA-editing enzyme mutated in the neuroinflammatory disorder Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, exhibited intolerably high levels of dsRNA that triggered PRR mediated toxic inflammation and neuronal death. Depleting ELAVL2 in ADAR1 knockout neurons led to prolonged neuron survival by reducing immunostimulatory dsRNA levels. In summary, neurons are specialized cells where PRRs constantly sense ‘self’ dsRNAs to pre-emptively induce protective antiviral immunity, but maintaining RNA homeostasis is paramount to prevent pathological neuroinflammation.
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Project description:We report here two unrelated HSE patients carrying different heterozygous mutations (D50A and G159A) in TBK1, the gene encoding TANK-binding kinase 1, a kinase at the crossroads of multiple IFN-inducing signaling pathways. Both mutant TBK1 alleles are loss-of-function, but through different mechanisms: protein instability (D50A) or a loss of kinase activity (G159A). Both are also associated with an autosomal dominant (AD) trait, but by different mechanisms: haplotype-insufficiency (D50A) or negative dominance (G159A). A defect in poly(I:C)-induced TLR3 responses can be detected in fibroblasts heterozygous for G159A, but not for D50A TBK1. Skin fibroblast cell lines were derived from healthy controls (n=3), patients with deficiencies for TBK1 (n=2), TLR3 (n=2), STAT1 (n=1) and cultured for 2 or 8 hours in the presence of IFNa (105 IU/ml), IL1b (20ng/ml), or poly I:C (25ug/ml) or left unstimulated for the same length of time.
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Project description:Although viral infection is thought to be associated with subacute thyroiditis and probably with autoimmune thyroid disease, possible changes in thyroid function during the prodromal period of infection or subclinical infection remain largely unknown. Recently, it was shown that pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulate Toll-like receptors (TLR) and activate innate immune responses by producing type I interferons (IFN). Using a human thyroid follicle culture system, in which de novo synthesized thyroid hormones are released into the culture medium under physiological concentrations of hTSH, we studied the effects of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), a chemical analog of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), on TSH-induced thyroid function. Thyrocytes expressed ligands for dsRNA (TLR 3, CD14, and RIG-1) comparable to the TSH receptor. DNA microarray and real-time PCR analyses revealed that dsRNA increased the expression of mRNA for TLR3, IFN-g, interferon-regulating factors, proinflammatory cytokines, and class I MHC, whereas genes associated with thyroid hormonogenesis (NIS, peroxidase, deiodinases) were suppressed. In accordance to these data, Poly(I:C) suppressed TSH-induced 125I uptake and hormone synthesis dose-dependently, accompanied by a decrease in the ratio of 125I-T3/125I-T4 released into the culture medium, whereas peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharides, or unmethylated CpG DNA, ligands for TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, respectively, had no significant effect. These inhibitory effects of Poly(I:C) were not blocked by a neutralizing antibody against TLR3 and an anti-IFN alpha/beta receptor antibody. These in vitro findings suggest that when thyrocytes are infected with certain viruses, dsRNA formed intracellularly in thyrocytes may be a cause for thyroid dysfunction, leading to development of autoimmune thyroiditis. This data was published in Endocrinology, vol.148, 3226-3235, 2007. Experiment Overall Design: Two conditioned experimets, control vs. double-stranded RNA (polyI-C), cultured for 6
2008-10-21 | E-GEOD-12154 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Although viral infection is thought to be associated with subacute thyroiditis and probably with autoimmune thyroid disease, possible changes in thyroid function during the prodromal period of infection or subclinical infection remain largely unknown. Recently, it was shown that pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulate Toll-like receptors (TLR) and activate innate immune responses by producing type I interferons (IFN). Using a human thyroid follicle culture system, in which de novo synthesized thyroid hormones are released into the culture medium under physiological concentrations of hTSH, we studied the effects of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), a chemical analog of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), on TSH-induced thyroid function. Thyrocytes expressed ligands for dsRNA (TLR 3, CD14, and RIG-1) comparable to the TSH receptor. DNA microarray and real-time PCR analyses revealed that dsRNA increased the expression of mRNA for TLR3, IFN-g, interferon-regulating factors, proinflammatory cytokines, and class I MHC, whereas genes associated with thyroid hormonogenesis (NIS, peroxidase, deiodinases) were suppressed. In accordance to these data, Poly(I:C) suppressed TSH-induced 125I uptake and hormone synthesis dose-dependently, accompanied by a decrease in the ratio of 125I-T3/125I-T4 released into the culture medium, whereas peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharides, or unmethylated CpG DNA, ligands for TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, respectively, had no significant effect. These inhibitory effects of Poly(I:C) were not blocked by a neutralizing antibody against TLR3 and an anti-IFN alpha/beta receptor antibody. These in vitro findings suggest that when thyrocytes are infected with certain viruses, dsRNA formed intracellularly in thyrocytes may be a cause for thyroid dysfunction, leading to development of autoimmune thyroiditis. This data was published in Endocrinology, vol.148, 3226-3235, 2007. Keywords: Cultured human thyroid follicles
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Project description:TLR3 stimulation by extracellular dsRNA (e.g. polyIC) induces expression of numerous genes. The knockdown of HDAC6 prior to TLR3 stimulation leads to an ablation of expression of IRF-3-dependent genes. Total RNA extracted from HT1080 cells expressing control-shRNA or HDAC6-shRNA, after 6 h of treatment with dsRNA (polyIC), compared to untreated controls
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Project description:TLR3 stimulation by extracellular dsRNA (e.g. polyIC) induces expression of numerous genes. The inhibition of PKC by Go6976 prior to TLR3 stimulation leads to an ablation of expression of IRF-3-dependent genes. Total RNA extracted from HT1080 cells with or without 1 h pretreatment with 5 uM Go6976, after 6 h of treatment with dsRNA (polyIC), compared to untreated controls
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Project description:TLR3 stimulation by extracellular dsRNA (e.g. polyIC) induces expression of numerous genes. The knockdown of HDAC6 prior to TLR3 stimulation leads to an ablation of expression of IRF-3-dependent genes.
2013-12-31 | GSE43218 | GEO
Project description:TLR3 stimulation by extracellular dsRNA (e.g. polyIC) induces expression of numerous genes. The inhibition of PKC by Go6976 prior to TLR3 stimulation leads to an ablation of expression of IRF-3-dependent genes.
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Project description:A commercially available product containing three probiotic bacterial strains (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis R0033, and Bifidobacterium bifidum R0071) was previously shown in animal trials to modulate both TH1 and TH2 immune responses. Clinical studies on this combination of bacteria have also shown positive health effects against seasonal winter diseases and rotavirus infection. The goal of this study was to use a well-established in vitro intestinal epithelial (HT-29) cell model that has been shown to constitutively express double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensors (Toll-like receptor 3[TLR3], retinoic acid-inducible gene I, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, and dsRNA-activated protein kinase). By using the HT-29 cell model, we wanted to evaluate whether or not this combination of three bacteria had the capacity to immune modulate the host cell response to a dsRNA ligand, poly(I•C). Using a custom-designed, two-color expression microarray targeting genes of the human immune system, we investigated the response of HT-29 cells challenged with poly(I•C) both in the presence and in the absence of the three probiotic bacteria. We observed that the combination of the three bacteria had a major impact on attenuating the expression of genes connected to proinflammatory TH1 and antiviral innate immune responses compared to that obtained by the poly(I•C)-only challenge. Major pathways through which the multistrain combination may be eliciting its immune-modulatory effect include the TLR3-TRIF, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-KB signaling pathways.Such a model may be useful for selecting potential biomarkers for the design of future clinical trials
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