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Fragile X Syndrome Patient-Derived Neurons Developing in the Mouse Brain Show FMR1-Dependent Phenotypes

ABSTRACT: The gene expression profiles of 1 month-old FXS patient-derived and isogenic control neurons transplanted in the brain of mice were compared by single-cell RNA sequencing

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE155661 | GEO | 2025/03/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Fragile X Syndrome Patient-Derived Neurons Developing in the Mouse Brain Show FMR1-Dependent Phenotypes

Project description:Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most commonly inherited form of developmental and intellectual disability. Here, we used a new approach, i.e. neurons derived from FXS patients and transplanted in the mouse brain, to study this disease. It provided new insights into the development of FXS neurons, by facilitating their development in a 3D context: we found that FXS neurons had an altered maturation process, and our data suggest that their synapses might be hyperactive.

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Fragile X Syndrome Patient–Derived Neurons Developing in the Mouse Brain Show FMR1-Dependent Phenotypes

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Genome-wide analysis identifies aberrant methylation in Fragile X syndrome is specific to the FMR1 locus

Project description:Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a common form of inherited intellectual disability and is caused by an expansion of CGG repeats located in the 5Õ untranslated region (UTR) of the FMR1 gene, leading to hypermethylation and silencing of this locus. While the dramatic increase in DNA methylation (DNAm) of the FMR1 full mutation allele is well documented, the extent that these changes affect DNAm throughout the entire gene and the rest of the genome remains unexplored. Here, we examine the genome-wide methylation in peripheral blood (N = 9) as well as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs; N = 10) from FXS individuals and controls (N = 53 and 9, respectively) and find the expected significant DNAm differences in the FMR1 promoter and 5Õ UTR, but also that these changes inversely persist throughout the FMR1 gene body. Importantly, we find there are no additional differential methylated loci (DML) throughout the remainder of the genome, indicating that the aberrant methylation of the FMR1 in FXS is locus-specific and does not change DNAm genome-wide. This study provides a comprehensive methylation profile of FXS and refines mechanistic considerations of FMR1 silencing. A total of 62 blood (53 controls + 9 Fragile X) samples analyzed using a linear regression model.

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