Modeling human T-cell mediated beta cell destruction
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE155713 | GEO | 2020/08/05
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:CAR T-cell therapy has led to tremendous successes in the treatment of B-cell malignancies. However, 30%-50% of treated patients relapse – often with reduced target antigen expression. We report that anti-CD19 CAR T-cells cause a rapid reduction of CD19 expression within hours in CAR-T exposed CD19+ B-ALL cells. Initially, anti-CD19 CAR T-cells cause CD19 clusters at the T-cell – leukemia cell interface followed by CD19 internalization and decreased CD19 surface expression. Subsequently, CD19 expression is repressed by transcriptional rewiring. Using single-cell RNA-seq and single-cell ATAC-seq we demonstrate that a subset of CD19low cells that are refractory to CAR T-cell killing employ transcriptional programs of physiological B-cell activation and germinal center reaction in order to sustain decreased CD19 expression. Inhibiting B-cell activation programs with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib increased the cytotoxic efficacy of anti-CD19 CAR T-cells without effecting CAR T-cell viability. These results demonstrate transcriptional plasticity as an underlying mechanism of CAR T-resistance and highlight the importance of combining CAR T-cell therapy with targeted therapies that aim to overcome this plasticity.
2022-06-09 | GSE176418 | GEO
Project description:To characterize transfer of molecules from target cells into CAR T cells via trogocytosis we cultured NALM-6 leukemia cell line expressing a CD19-mCherry fusion protein with CAR T cells. NALM6-CD19-mCherry were loaded with heavy amino acid and cocultured with CAR T cells for 1 hour. CAR T cells were next sorted into two fractions, mCherry-positive (TrogPos), and -negative (TrogNeg). Proteomics analysis revealed the presence of targeted antigen (CD19) in the TrogPos only.
2019-03-29 | PXD012833 | Pride
Project description:Adoptive cell therapy, a subset of cancer immunotherapy, is collection of therapeutic approaches which aim to redirect the immune system by reprogramming patient T-cells to target antigenic molecules differentially and specifically expressed in certain cancers. One promising immunotherapy technique is CAR T-cell therapy, where cancer cells are targeted through the expression a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), a synthetic trans- membrane receptor that functionally compensates for the T-cell receptor (TCR) but targets a tumor associated antigen on the cancer cell surface. While CAR T-cell therapy is promising with two clinically approved second-generation CARs (Kymriah and Yescarta), few studies have investigated the mechanism of signal propagation in T-cells and no studies have investigated the potential signaling response in the target cells. To gain further insight to CAR-based signaling, we stimulated third generation CD19 CAR-expressing Jurkat T-cells by co-culture with SILAC labeled CD19HI Raji B-cells and used two phosphoenrichment strategies coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spec- trometry (LC-MS/MS) to detect and analyze global phosphorylation changes in both cell populations. Analysis of the phosphopeptides originating from the CD19-CAR T cells revealed an increase in many phosphorylation events necessary for canonical TCR signaling. We also observed for the first time a significant decrease in B-cell receptor- related phosphopeptide abundance in CD19HI Raji B-cells after co-culture with CD19-targetted CAR T-cells.
2022-01-28 | PXD028109 | Pride
Project description:This model is based on the publication:
"CAR T cell therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Insights from mathematical models".
Odelaisy León-Triana, Soukaina Sabir, Gabriel F. Calvo, Juan Belmonte-Beitia, Salvador Chulián, Álvaro Martínez-Rubio, María Rosa, Antonio Pérez-Martínez, Manuel Ramirez-Orellana, Víctor M. Pérez-García
doi: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2020.105570
Comment:
This model is based on equations (4a)-(4c).
Abstract:
Immunotherapies use components of the patient immune system to selectively target can- cer cells. The use of chimeric antigenic receptor (CAR) T cells to treat B-cell malignancies –leukaemias and lymphomas–is one of the most successful examples, with many patients experiencing long-lasting full responses to this therapy. This treatment works by extract- ing the patient’s T cells and transducing them with the CAR, enabling them to recognize and target cells carrying the antigen CD19 + , which is expressed in these haematological cancers. Here we put forward a mathematical model describing the time response of leukaemias to the injection of CAR T cells. The model accounts for mature and progenitor B-cells, leukaemic cells, CAR T cells and side effects by including the main biological processes involved. The model explains the early post-injection dynamics of the different compart- ments and the fact that the number of CAR T cells injected does not critically affect the treatment outcome. An explicit formula is found that gives the maximum CAR T cell ex- pansion in vivo and the severity of side effects. Our mathematical model captures other known features of the response to this immunotherapy. It also predicts that CD19 + cancer relapses could be the result of competition between leukaemic and CAR T cells, analogous to predator-prey dynamics. We discuss this in the light of the available evidence and the possibility of controlling relapses by early re-challenging of the leukaemia cells with stored CAR T cells.
2021-07-13 | BIOMD0000001011 | BioModels
Project description:Here we report a humanized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) orthotopic NSG-SGM3 mouse model (hccRCC-NSG-SGM3) with reconstituted human lymphocytes derived from fetal CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) bearing human ccRCC skrc-59 cells under the kidney capsule. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched CD34+ HSCs were used for the humanization to reduce T cell alloreactivity against skrc-59 human ccRCC cells. Tumors were collected and sorted for CD45+ tumor infiltrated leukocytes (TILs) to profile the tumor microenvironment (TME) in hccRCC-NSG-SGM3. By comparing to patient data from prospective clinical trials of the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) nivolumab in advanced ccRCC, the results demonstrated that the CD45+ TILs from hccRCC-NSG-SGM3 reconstitutes most CD45+ cell types, including NK cells, dendritic cells, exhausted CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), that are observed in advanced ccRCC patient TME. Furthermore, Anti-carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) G36 immune restoring (IR) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells secreting PD-L1 targeted immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) mAb (G36-PDL1) exhibited superior tumor control compared to G36 CAR-T cells with anti-SARS mAb (G36-SARS) and anti-BCMA A716 CAR-T cells with anti-PD-L1 mAb (A716-PDL1). In addition, G36-PDL1 CAR-T cells restored active anti-tumor immunity at tumor site uncovered by 10X genomics single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single cell T cell receptor sequencing (scTCR-seq).
2024-01-25 | GSE210664 | GEO
Project description:This model is based on the publication:
"CAR T cell therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Insights from mathematical models".
Odelaisy León-Triana, Soukaina Sabir, Gabriel F. Calvo, Juan Belmonte-Beitia, Salvador Chulián, Álvaro Martínez-Rubio, María Rosa, Antonio Pérez-Martínez, Manuel Ramirez-Orellana, Víctor M. Pérez-García
doi: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2020.105570
Comment:
This model is based on equations (3a)-(3c) from the paper.
Abstract:
Immunotherapies use components of the patient immune system to selectively target can- cer cells. The use of chimeric antigenic receptor (CAR) T cells to treat B-cell malignancies –leukaemias and lymphomas–is one of the most successful examples, with many patients experiencing long-lasting full responses to this therapy. This treatment works by extract- ing the patient’s T cells and transducing them with the CAR, enabling them to recognize and target cells carrying the antigen CD19 + , which is expressed in these haematological cancers. Here we put forward a mathematical model describing the time response of leukaemias to the injection of CAR T cells. The model accounts for mature and progenitor B-cells, leukaemic cells, CAR T cells and side effects by including the main biological processes involved. The model explains the early post-injection dynamics of the different compart- ments and the fact that the number of CAR T cells injected does not critically affect the treatment outcome. An explicit formula is found that gives the maximum CAR T cell ex- pansion in vivo and the severity of side effects. Our mathematical model captures other known features of the response to this immunotherapy. It also predicts that CD19 + cancer relapses could be the result of competition between leukaemic and CAR T cells, analogous to predator-prey dynamics. We discuss this in the light of the available evidence and the possibility of controlling relapses by early re-challenging of the leukaemia cells with stored CAR T cells.
2021-07-13 | BIOMD0000001012 | BioModels
Project description:Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy targeting CD19 yielded remarkable outcomes in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. To identify potential CAR targets in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we probed the AML surfaceome for over-expressed molecules with potentially tolerable systemic expression. We integrated large transcriptomics and proteomics data sets from malignant and normal tissues, and developed an algorithm to identify potential targets expressed in leukemia stem cells, but not in normal CD34+CD38– hematopoietic cells, T cells or vital tissues. As these investigations did not uncover candidate targets with a profile as favorable as CD19, we developed a generalizable combinatorial targeting strategy fulfilling stringent efficacy and safety criteria. Our findings indicate that several target pairings hold great promise for CAR therapy of AML.
2017-10-24 | PXD007552 | Pride
Project description:Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells is expected to become the first line of treatment for multiple malignancies, following the enormous success of anti-CD19 therapies. However, their mechanism of action is not fully understood, and clear guidelines for the design of safe and efficient receptors are missing. We hereby describe a systematic analysis of the CAR “interactome” in human primary T cells, which allowed us to identify molecular traits that influence CAR-T cell efficacy. Interactome analysis was based on immunoprecipitation of CARs followed by protein identification by mass spectrometry.
2019-11-07 | PXD007085 | Pride
Project description:Recent improvements in relapse/refractory B-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) outcome can be attributed, in part, to the emergence of CD19-directed immune-based therapies including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and bi-specific T cell engager (BiTE) therapy. Longitudinal BCP-ALL studies have highlighted individual cases of progressive surface CD19 antigen reduction associated with disease persistence following CAR-T infusion. CD19 genomic deletions and mRNA alternative splicing have been previously shown to confer CAR-T and BiTE resistance, however gene regulatory programs that modulate BCP-ALL CD19 surface antigen abundance remains poorly understood. To address this, we performed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening to identify positive and negative regulators of surface CD19 abundance in human BCP-ALL as compared to mature B cell neoplasms, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B cell lymphoma. Here, we show DNA binding protein, ZNF143, occupies the CD19 promoter and transcriptionally regulates CD19 mRNA expression in human B-cell malignancies. Conversely, we show that RNA-binding protein, NUDT21, limits surface CD19 abundance on BCP-ALL. NUDT21 acts to regulate CD19 3’ UTR length and CD19 mRNA stability. NUDT21 mRNA displays high concordance with CD19 mRNA expression in primary healthy and transformed human B cell progenitors. Using primary BCP-ALL patient single cell data, we show that reduction of CD19 mRNA expression following CAR-T therapy coincides with increased NUDT21 mRNA expression. Importantly, NUDT21 ablation sensitizes BCP-ALL to BiTE and CD19 CAR-T killing ex vivo. These findings reveal previously unknown modulators of CD19 antigen abundance that can be applied to therapeutically enhance or determine resistance to CD19-based therapies in B-cell leukemias.
2022-07-27 | GSE191007 | GEO
Project description:Recent improvements in relapse/refractory B-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) outcome can be attributed, in part, to the emergence of CD19-directed immune-based therapies including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and bi-specific T cell engager (BiTE) therapy. Longitudinal BCP-ALL studies have highlighted individual cases of progressive surface CD19 antigen reduction associated with disease persistence following CAR-T infusion. CD19 genomic deletions and mRNA alternative splicing have been previously shown to confer CAR-T and BiTE resistance, however gene regulatory programs that modulate BCP-ALL CD19 surface antigen abundance remains poorly understood. To address this, we performed genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening to identify positive and negative regulators of surface CD19 abundance in human BCP-ALL as compared to mature B cell neoplasms, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B cell lymphoma. Here, we show DNA binding protein, ZNF143, occupies the CD19 promoter and transcriptionally regulates CD19 mRNA expression in human B-cell malignancies. Conversely, we show that RNA-binding protein, NUDT21, limits surface CD19 abundance on BCP-ALL. NUDT21 acts to regulate CD19 3’ UTR length and CD19 mRNA stability. NUDT21 mRNA displays high concordance with CD19 mRNA expression in primary healthy and transformed human B cell progenitors. Using primary BCP-ALL patient single cell data, we show that reduction of CD19 mRNA expression following CAR-T therapy coincides with increased NUDT21 mRNA expression. Importantly, NUDT21 ablation sensitizes BCP-ALL to BiTE and CD19 CAR-T killing ex vivo. These findings reveal previously unknown modulators of CD19 antigen abundance that can be applied to therapeutically enhance or determine resistance to CD19-based therapies in B-cell leukemias.
2022-07-27 | GSE190843 | GEO