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Generation and characterization of human iPSC-derived microglia-like cells for the use in drug discovery

ABSTRACT: For the development of human cellular models of microglial that allow for exploring disease underlying mechanisms and testing potential therapeutic compounds on a larger scale we generated microglia-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and performed subsequent phenotypic and functional testing and validation by using bulk RNASeq.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE159108 | GEO | 2021/02/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Human iPSC-derived microglia assume a primary microglia-like state after transplantation into the neonatal mouse brain [Bulk RNAseq]

Project description:iPSC derived microglial precursors were transplanted into the brains of neonatal mice, FACS sorted out based on GFP+ following 2 months, and compared to in vitro differentiated iPSC derived microglia from the same precursors.

2019-11-27 | GSE139192 | GEO

Human iPSC-derived microglia assume a primary microglia-like state after transplantation into the neonatal mouse brain [Single Cell RNAseq]

Project description:iPSC derived microglial precursors were tranplanted into the brains of neonatal mice, FACS sorted out based on GFP+ following 2 months, and compared to in vitro differentiated iPSC derived microglia from the same precursors.

2019-11-27 | GSE139193 | GEO

PSEN1ΔE9, APPswe and APOE4 confer disparate phenotypes in human iPSC-derived microglia

Project description:Here we elucidate the effect of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-predisposing genetic backgrounds, APOE4, PSEN1ΔE9 and APPswe, on functionality of human microglia. We present a physiologically relevant high-yield protocol for producing human microglia-like cells (iMGLs) from induced pluripotent stem cells. Differentiation is directed with small molecules through primitive erythromyeloid progenitors to recreate microglial ontogeny from yolk sac. The iMGLs express microglial signature genes and respond to ADP with intracellular Ca2+ release distinguishing them from macrophages. Using 16 iPSC lines from healthy donors, AD patients and isogenic controls, we reveal that the APOE4 genotype has a profound impact on several aspects of microglial functionality whereas PSEN1ΔE9 and APPswe mutations trigger minor alterations. The APOE4 genotype impairs phagocytosis, migration and metabolic activity of iMGLs but exacerbates their cytokine secretion. This indicates that APOE4 iMGLs are fundamentally unable to mount normal microglial functionality in AD.

2019-10-08 | GSE135707 | GEO

TMT proteomic analysis of PFN1 iPSC-microglia

Project description:To compare the proteome between PFN1 mutant and PFN1 WT iPSC-microglia under baseline conditions

2024-02-18 | PXD038943 | Pride

Off target expression data from iPSC derived microglia treated with APOE/TREM2 ASOs for 24h/48h. The iPSC cells are from a wild type donor (BIONi10C).

Project description:Microglia play important roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and neurodegeneration. The discovery of genetic variants in genes predominately or exclusively expressed in myeloid cells, factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) highlights the importance of microglial biology in the brain. such as Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), as the strongest risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) highlights the importance of microglial biology in the brain. The sequence, structure and function of several microglial proteins are poorly conserved across species, which has hampered the development of strategies aiming to modulate the expression of specific microglial genes. One way to target APOE and TREM2 is to modulate their expression using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). In this study, we identified selective and potent ASOs for human APOE and TREM2. We proved their efficacy in human iPSC microglia in vitro, as well as their pharmacological activity in vivo in a xenografted microglia model. We demonstrate ASOs targeting human microglia can modify their transcriptional profile and their response to amyloid-b plaques in vivo in a model of AD. This study is the first proof-of-concept that human microglial can be modulated using ASOs in a dose-dependent manner to manipulate microglia phenotypes in vivo. Since ASOs can have off-target effects, besides the expected decrease of APOE and TREM2 mRNA, this microarray was performed to determine the off-target profiles of the ASOs. iPSC derived microglia were treated with the ASOs with 1.25uM and 20uM dosages, and the compounds were incubated either 24hours or 48hours.

2024-04-24 | GSE243243 | GEO

Functional Mature Human Microglia Developed in Human iPSC Microglial Chimeric Mouse Brain

Project description:Functional Mature Human Microglia Developed in Human iPSC Microglial Chimeric Mouse Brain

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iPSC-derived microglia carrying the TREM2 R47H/+ mutation are pro-inflammatory and promote synapse loss.

Project description:Genetic findings have highlighted key roles for microglia in the pathology of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A number of mutations in the microglial protein TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) have been associated with increased risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), most notably the R47H/+ substitution. We employed gene editing and stem cell models to gain insight into the effects of the TREM2 R47H/+ mutation on human iPSC-derived microglia. We found transcriptional changes affecting numerous cellular processes, with R47H/+ cells exhibiting a pro-inflammatory gene expression signature. TREM2 R47H/+ also caused impairments in microglial movement and the uptake of multiple substrates, as well as rendering microglia hyper-responsive to inflammatory stimuli. We developed an in vitro laser-induced injury model in neuron-microglia co-cultures, finding an impaired injury response by TREM2 R47H/+ microglia. Furthermore, mouse brains transplanted with TREM2 R47H/+ microglia exhibited reduced synaptic density, with upregulation of multiple complement cascade components in TREM2 R47H/+ microglia suggesting inappropriate synaptic pruning as one potential mechanism. These findings identify a number of potentially detrimental effects of the TREM2 R47H/+ mutation on microglial gene expression and function likely to underlie its association with AD.

2024-03-06 | GSE241858 | GEO

Co-culture of iPSC-derived microglia and spinal motor neurons as a novel model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Project description:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor neuron degeneration with additional involvement of non-neuronal cells, in particular, microglia. In our previous work, we have established protocols for the differentiation of iPSC-derived spinal motor neurons and microglia. Here, we combine both cell lineages and establish a novel co-culture of iPSC-derived motor neurons and microglia, which is compatible with motor neuron identity and function. Co-cultured microglia express key microglial markers and transcriptomically resemble primary human microglia, have highly dynamic ramifications, are phagocytic, release various cytokines and respond to stimulation. Further, they express key amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated genes and release disease-relevant biomarkers. This novel and authentic human model system facilitates the study of physiological motor neuron-microglia crosstalk and permits the investigation of non-cell-autonomous phenotypes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

2022-07-24 | GSE200037 | GEO

Microglia gravitate toward amyloid plaques surrounded by externalized phosphatidylserine via TREM2

Project description:iPSC-derived brain organoids with microglial cells (assembloids) were used for this study. We used single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze the difference between APOE3 and APOE4 genotypes

2023-09-01 | GSE220690 | GEO

iPSC-derived microglia export cholesterol to neuronal cells in human brain organoids and promote their maturation

Project description:Microglia are specialised brain-resident macrophages that arise from primitive macrophages colonising the embryonic brain. Microglia contribute to multiple aspects of brain development, but their precise roles in early human brain remain poorly understood due to limited access to relevant tissues. The generation of brain organoids from induced human pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) recapitulates some key features of human embryonic brain development, but current approaches do not incorporate microglia and thus are lacking. Here, we generated microgliasufficient brain organoids by co-culturing brain organoids with primitive-like macrophages generated from the same human iPSC (iMac). In organoid co-cultures, iMac differentiated into cells with microglia-like phenotypes and functions (iMicro), and modulated neuronal progenitor cell (NPC) differentiation, limiting NPC proliferation and promoting axonogenesis. Mechanistically, iMicro contained high levels of PLIN2+ lipid droplets that exported cholesterol and its esters which weretaken up by NPC in the organoids. We also detected PLIN2+ lipid droplet-loaded microglia in mouse and human embryonic brain. Overall, our approach significantly advances current human brain organoid approaches by incorporating microglial

2023-11-15 | GSE241127 | GEO

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