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Clinical and molecular characterization of patients with 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome

ABSTRACT: The study presents three cases of patients with deletions within 16p11.2 regions. Every child had characteristic craniofacial dysmorphic features and hand or feet abnormalities. The first proband had additionally obesity, epilepsy, moderate intellectual disability, aphasia, motor delay, hyperinsulinism and café au lait spots. The second proband suffered from cardiac, pulmonary and hematological problems. The third proband had motor delay, bronchial asthma and umbilical hernia. Although each patient presented characteristic features of the syndrome, children differed in clinical pictures among themselves. The genetic diagnosis of the 16p11.2 deletion syndrome was made in children at different age, based on the multiplex ligation probe-dependent ampliﬁcation (MLPA) analysis and/or microarrays methods. This study highlights the impact of the size of deleted regions, as they may affect the clinical picture of patients with 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome. Reported cases indicates the key role of the interdisciplinary approach in 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome diagnostics, as the care of patients with this deletion is based on regular health assessment and adjustment of the nervous system development therapy

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE159129 | GEO | 2020/10/07

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Clinical and molecular characterization of patients with 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome

Project description:Clinical and molecular characterization of patients with 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome

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Dosage-dependent phenotypes in models of 16p11.2 lesions found in autism

Project description:Recurrent Copy Number Variations (CNVs) of human 16p11.2 have been associated with a variety of developmental/neurocognitive syndromes. In particular, deletion of 16p11.2 is found in patients with autism, developmental delay, and obesity. Patients with deletions or duplications have a wide range of clinical features, and siblings carrying the same deletion often have diverse symptoms. To study the consequence of 16p11.2 CNVs in a systematic manner, we used chromosome engineering to generate mice harboring deletion of the chromosomal region corresponding to 16p11.2, as well as mice harboring the reciprocal duplication. These 16p11.2 CNV models have dosage-dependent changes in gene expression, viability, brain architecture, and behavior. For each phenotype, the consequence of the deletion is more severe than that of the duplication. Of particular note is that half of the 16p11.2 deletion mice die postnatally; those that survive to adulthood are healthy and fertile, but have alterations in the hypothalamus and exhibit a ‘behavior trap’ phenotype—a specific behavior characteristic of rodents with lateral hypothalamic and nigrostriatal lesions. Our findings indicate that 16p11.2 CNVs cause both brain and behavioral anomalies, providing new insight into human neurodevelopmental disorders.

2011-10-03 | GSE32012 | GEO

A genotype-first approach for the molecular and clinical characterization of uncommon de novo microdeletion of 20q13.33

Project description:Molecular cytogenetic techniques such as microarray analysis have allowed for a “genotype-first” approach to the characterization of chromosome abnormalities: in the absence of clinical features suggestive of a specific syndrome, patients with similar copy number imbalances can be examined for common clinical features. Using a genotype-first approach, we characterized microdeletions at 20q13.33 in six patients referred for genetic evaluation of developmental delay, mental retardation, and/or congenital anomalies. These deletions are relatively rare, with only 11 cases reported. A comparison to previously reported cases of 20q13.33 microdeletion shows phenotypic overlap, with clinical features that include mental retardation, developmental delay, speech and language deficits, seizures, and behavior problems such as autistic spectrum disorder. Based on analysis of the smallest region of overlap (SRO) among cases reported here and in previous studies, we discuss several possible candidate genes for specific clinical features, including ARFGAP1, CHRNA4, KCNQ2, and MYT1. Deletion of this region may play an important role in cognitive development. aCGH control vs. patient, total of 6 patients

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Clinically Relevant Copy Number Variations Detected in Cerebral Palsy

Project description:Cerebral palsy (CP) represents a group of non-progressive clinically heterogeneous disorders that are characterized by motor impairment and early age-of-onset, frequently accompanied by co-morbidities. The cause of CP has historically been attributed to environmental stressors resulting in brain damage. While genetic risk factors are also implicated, guidelines for diagnostic assessment of CP do not recommend for routine genetic testing. Given numerous reports of etiologic copy number variations (CNVs) in other neurodevelopmental disorders, we used microarrays to genotype a population-based prospective cohort of children with CP and their parents. Here we identify de novo CNVs in 8/115 (7.0%) CP patients (~1% rate in controls). In four children, large chromosomal abnormalities deemed pathogenic were found, and they were significantly more likely to have severe neuro-motor impairments than those CP subjects without such alterations. Overall the CNV data would have impacted our diagnosis or classification of CP in 11/115 (9.6%) families. Dr. Maryam Oskoui* , Mr. Matthew Gazzellone* , Ms. Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram , Dr. Mehdi Zarrei , Dr. John Andersen , Dr. John Wei , Dr. Zhouzhi Wang , Dr. Richard Wintle , Dr. Christian Marshall , Dr. Ronald Cohn , Dr. Rosanna Weksberg , Dr. James Stavropoulos , Dr. Darcy Fehlings , Dr. Michael Shevell, Dr. Stephen Scherer. Clinically Relevant Copy Number Variations Detected in Cerebral Palsy. Nature Communications, 2015. Following our rigorous quality control procedure, we successfully genotyped 147 proband samples from individuals with cerebral palsy (81 males and 66 females) and 282 samples obtained from parents (134 males and 148 females). This facilitated the identification of de novo and rare inherited copy number variations of clinical interest.

2015-07-28 | E-GEOD-70374 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome wide gene expression in a patient with 15q13.3 homozygous microdeletion syndrome

Project description:We identified a novel homozygous 15q13.3 microdeletion in a young boy with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe cerebral visual impairment with additional signs of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB), congenital hypotonia with areflexia, profound intellectual disability, and refractory epilepsy. The mechanisms by which the genes in the deleted region exert their effect are unclear. In this paper we probed the role of downstream effects of the deletions as a contributing mechanism to the molecular basis of the observed phenotype. We analyzed gene expression of lymphoblastoid cells derived from peripheral blood of the proband and his relatives to ascertain the relative effects of the homozygous and heterozygous deletions. The proband with 15q13.3 homozygous deletion and his parents with 15q13.3 heterozygous deletions described in our previous report 15 were evaluated using Affymetrix aCGH-244K arrays (build hg18). The aCGH data were validated by qPCR using primers specific to CHRNA7 as previously described. 15 The extended family and comparison subjects were also screened using the CHRNA7 primers. Immortalized lymphoblastoid lines were created from the proband, his mother, father, a paternal half sister, a paternal half brother, a paternal grandmother and two paternal great uncles. Three lymphoblastoid lines from age- and sex- matched normally developing comparison subjects with normal chromosomes were obtained from the Coriell cell repository [(AG14724 (8 yo), AG14948 (10 yo), AG14980 (9 yo)] were used for gene expression comparison with the proband. The samples from the father, mother and paternal grandmother with heterozygous 15q13.3 deletions were compared to samples from lymphoblastoid cells from adult male and female subjects respectively (normal copy number for 15q13.3 determined by qPCR).

2013-02-17 | E-GEOD-43583 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Reversal of synaptic and behavioral deficits in a 16p11.2 duplication mouse model via restoration of the GABA synapse regulator Npas4

Project description:The human 16p11.2 gene locus is a hot spot for copy number variations, which predispose carriers to a range of neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Microduplications of 16p11.2 are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and schizophrenia (SZ). Despite the debilitating nature of 16p11.2 duplications, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we performed a comprehensive behavioral characterization of 16p11.2 duplication mice (16p11.2dp/+) and identified social and cognitive deficits reminiscent of ASD and ID phenotypes. 16p11.2dp/+ mice did not exhibit the SZ-related sensorimotor gating deficits, psychostimulant-induced hypersensitivity, or motor impairment. Electrophysiological recordings of 16p11.2dp/+ mice found deficient GABAergic synaptic transmission and elevated neuronal excitability in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region critical for social and cognitive functions. RNA-sequencing identified genome-wide transcriptional aberrance in the PFC of 16p11.2dp/+ mice, including downregulation of the GABA synapse regulator Npas4. Restoring Npas4 expression in PFC of 16p11.2dp/+ mice ameliorated the social and cognitive deficits and reversed GABAergic synaptic impairment and neuronal hyperexcitability. These findings suggest that prefrontal cortical GABAergic synaptic circuitry and Npas4 are strongly implicated in 16p11.2 duplication pathology, and may represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention in ASD.

2020-07-27 | GSE155131 | GEO

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