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TRH1/KUP4 is a coupler of auxin-mediated root system architecture responses in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: TRH1, also classified as KUP4, belongs in the family of plant HAK/KUP/KT (High-Affinity K+/ K+ UPtake/ K+ Transporter) transporters, homologous to the bacterial KUP and fungal HAK transporters, which most likely as K+/H+ exchangers function as electrochemical potential-driven transporters. Arabidopsis contains 13 genes, classified into five major clades (Clades I-V). Members of Clade II, including TRH1, are associated with developmental processes. Targeted expression experiments demonstrated that K+ transporter TRH1 is a coupler of two auxin-mediated developmental processes that determine Root System Architecture, root hair morphogenesis and root gravitropism. Targeting TRH1 expression in central cylinder cells that coincide with the acropetal route of auxin transport, rescued trh1 root agravitropism, whereas positional TRH1 expression in peripheral cell layers that define the basipetal route of auxin transport, restored trh1 root hair defects. To dissect the two auxin-mediated developmental responses, a transcriptome analysis was performed identifying the differentially expressed genes involved in either root bending or root hair development.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE159476 | GEO | 2022/10/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Trace concentrations of vanadium (V) have several benefits for plant growth, but high concentrations are toxic. To help characterize the cellular mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of V in plants, we present the first large-scale analysis of rice root responding to V during the early stages (1 and 3 h) of toxicity. Exposure to V triggered changes in the transcript levels of several genes related to cellular metabolic process, response to stimulus and transporters. Gene expression profiling revealed upregulated levels of genes associated with signaling and biosynthesis of auxin, abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in V-treated rice roots. In addition, V upregulated the expression of ATP-dependent GSH-conjugated transport, ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, and markedly downregulated of the expression of divalent cation transporters, drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) and zinceiron permease (ZIP). Among the V-specific responsive transcription factors and protein kinases, the most predominant families were NAC (NAM, ATAF, CUC) transcription factor, receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase VII (RLCK-VII) and leucinerich repeat kinase VIII (LRR-VIII). These microarray data provide a new insight into the molecular mechanism of the rice roots response to V toxicity. Trace concentrations of vanadium (V) have several benefits for plant growth, but high concentrations are toxic. To help characterize the cellular mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of V in plants, we present the first large-scale analysis of rice root responding to V during the early stages (1 and 3 h) of toxicity. Exposure to V triggered changes in the transcript levels of several genes related to cellular metabolic process, response to stimulus and transporters. Gene expression profiling revealed upregulated levels of genes associated with signaling and biosynthesis of auxin, abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in V-treated rice roots. In addition, V upregulated the expression of ATP-dependent GSH-conjugated transport, ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter, and markedly downregulated of the expression of divalent cation transporters, drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) and zinceiron permease (ZIP). Among the V-specific responsive transcription factors and protein kinases, the most predominant families were NAC (NAM, ATAF, CUC) transcription factor, receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase VII (RLCK-VII) and leucinerich repeat kinase VIII (LRR-VIII). These microarray data provide a new insight into the molecular mechanism of the rice roots response to V toxicity.

Project description:This model is from the article: The influence of cytokinin-auxin cross-regulation on cell-fate determination in Arabidopsis thaliana root development Muraro D, Byrne H, King J, Voss U, Kieber J, Bennett M. J Theor Biol.2011 Aug 21;283(1):152-67. PMID: 21640126, Abstract: Root growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana are sustained by a specialised zone termed the meristem, which contains a population of dividing and differentiating cells that are functionally analogous to a stem cell niche in animals. The hormones auxin and cytokinin control meristem size antagonistically. Local accumulation of auxin promotes cell division and the initiation of a lateral root primordium. By contrast, high cytokinin concentrations disrupt the regular pattern of divisions that characterises lateral root development, and promote differentiation. The way in which the hormones interact is controlled by a genetic regulatory network. In this paper, we propose a deterministic mathematical model to describe this network and present model simulations that reproduce the experimentally observed effects of cytokinin on the expression of auxin regulated genes. We show how auxin response genes and auxin efflux transporters may be affected by the presence of cytokinin. We also analyse and compare the responses of the hormones auxin and cytokinin to changes in their supply with the responses obtained by genetic mutations of SHY2, which encodes a protein that plays a key role in balancing cytokinin and auxin regulation of meristem size. We show that although shy2 mutations can qualitatively reproduce the effect of varying auxin and cytokinin supply on their response genes, some elements of the network respond differently to changes in hormonal supply and to genetic mutations, implying a different, general response of the network. We conclude that an analysis based on the ratio between these two hormones may be misleading and that a mathematical model can serve as a useful tool for stimulate further experimental work by predicting the response of the network to changes in hormone levels and to other genetic mutations.

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TRH1/KUP4 is a coupler of auxin-mediated root system architecture responses in Arabidopsis

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