Transcriptional reprogramming of somatic cells after nuclear transfer to mouse 4-cell embryos
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Oryx dammah
PROVIDER: GSE162345 | GEO | 2021/11/03
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Mammalian oocytes can reprogram somatic cells into totipotent state, which allows animal cloning through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). However, the great majority of SCNT embryos fail to develop to term due to poorly defined reprogramming defects. Here we demonstrate that histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) in donor nuclei is a major epigenetic barrier that prevents efficient nuclear reprogramming in mouse oocytes. Comparative transcriptome analysis of early embryos revealed reprogramming resistant regions (RRRs) where transcriptional activation at 2-cell embryos is inhibited by SCNT compared to in vitro fertilization (IVF). RRRs significantly overlap with H3K9me3 enrichment in donor somatic cells. Importantly, removal of the H3K9me3 by ectopic expression of an H3K9me3 demethylase Kdm4d in recipient oocytes not only reactivates most RRRs, but also greatly improves development of SCNT embryos. Furthermore, the use of Suv39h1/2-depleted somatic nuclei as donors also greatly improves the development of SCNT embryos. Our study thus reveals H3K9me3 as an epigenetic barrier in SCNT-mediated reprogramming and provides a feasible method for improving mammalian cloning efficiency.
2014-11-07 | GSE59073 | GEO
Project description:Mature oocyte cytoplasm can reprogram somatic cell nuclei to the pluripotent state through a series of sequential events including protein exchange between the donor nucleus and ooplasm, chromatin remodeling, and pluripotency gene reactivation. Maternal factors that are responsible for this reprogramming process remain largely unidentified. Here, we demonstrate that knockdown of histone variant H3.3 in mouse oocytes results in compromised reprogramming and down-regulation of key pluripotency genes; and this compromised reprogramming both for developmental potentials and transcription of pluripotency genes can be rescued by injecting exogenous H3.3 mRNA, but not H3.2 mRNA into oocytes in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. We show that maternal H3.3, and not H3.3 in the donor nucleus, is essential for successful reprogramming of somatic cell nucleus into the pluripotent state. Furthermore, H3.3 is involved in this reprogramming process by remodeling the donor nuclear chromatin through replacement of donor nucleus-derived H3 with de novo synthesized maternal H3.3 protein. Our study shows that H3.3 is a crucial maternal factor for oocyte reprogramming and provides a practical model to directly dissect the oocyte for its reprogramming capacity. Transcriptome sequencing of 4-cell NT embryos, Luciferase 4-cell SCNT embryos, 4-cell NT embryos_H3.3KD, 4-cell NT embryos_H3.3KD+H3.3mRNA, H3.3 KD + H3.2 mRNA SCNT embryos
2014-06-02 | E-GEOD-56762 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nuclear reprogramming reinstates totipotency or pluripotency in somatic cells by changing their genetic transcription. This technology is widely used in medicine, animal husbandry and other industries. However, certain deficiencies, such as the poor developmental ability of reprogrammed nuclear transfer (NT) embryos and the low birth rate (less than 5%) of cloned animals, severely restrict the promotion of this technology. Multiple nuclear reprogramming barriers likely exist in the process of somatic nuclear reprogramming. Furthermore, the NT embryos obtained via this technology have transcriptional defects in embryonic development. To address these problems, in this study, two types of NT embryos were constructed using the same genetic background in mice. We detected the full transcriptome of all stages of NT embryos using single-cell RNA-seq and obtained the following results: 1) NT embryos have translation initiation defects during the minor zygotic genome activation (ZGA) period; NT embryos display RNA processing and RNA modification defects during the major ZGA period, and their protein kinase activity in protein phosphorylation exhibits defects during blastocyst formation; and 2) 2003 constant genes cannot be reprogrammed in cumulus cells (CCs) and mouse embryo fibroblast cells (MEFs); of these constant genes, 399/583 reprogramming barrier genes (RBGs) continue to mis-transcribe from the pronuclear stage to the blastula stage, and the same 136 RBGs are found in both the CCs and MEFs. The main functions of these RBGs is to positively regulate certain factors. In conclusion, our study offers full transcriptome blueprints of all stages of CC donor NT embryos, MEF donor NT embryos and in vivo embryos and reveals new transcriptional defects and reprogramming barriers in nuclear reprogramming. These findings provide insight for further mechanism studies investigating somatic nuclear reprogramming.
2018-08-11 | GSE113164 | GEO
Project description:We aimed to identify a reprogramming factor in mammalian oocytes. DJ-1 is one candidate gene of the factor. Inhibition of DJ-1 function in nuclear transfer embryos affected developmental abilities. The downstream effect of this DJ-1 inhibition was examined using microarrays. Nuclear transfer (NT) embryos (23-26 embryos per each sample) were collected at 28 h after nuclear transfer when many of the embryos had just reached the 2-cell stage. Total RNA was extracted and hybridized on the Affymetrix GeneChip Porcine Genome Array. Global transcripts were compared among NT embryos injected with anti-DJ1 antibody (αDJ1-NT_1), NT embryos injected with IgG (IgG-NT_1), non-injected NT embryos (NT_1) and donor cells (DonorCell_1). Biologically different samples of αDJ1-NT (αDJ1-NT_2) and IgG-NT (IgG-NT_2) were prepared and the microarray analysis was repeated. In both trials, NT embryos injected with IgG (IgG-NT_1 or IgG-NT_2) were used as controls.
2011-04-07 | E-GEOD-18104 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nuclear transfer (NT) has potential applications in agriculture and biomedicine, but the technology is hindered by low efficiency. Global gene expression analysis of clones is important for the comprehensive study of nuclear reprogramming. Here, we compared global gene expression profiles of individual bovine NT blastocysts with their somatic donor cells and fertilized control embryos utilizing cDNA microarray technology. The NT embryos’ gene expression profiles were drastically different from those of their donor cells and closely resembled those of the naturally fertilized embryos. Our findings demonstrate that the NT embryos have undergone significant nuclear reprogramming by the blastocyst stage; however, problems may occur during re-differentiation for tissue- and organogenesis, and small reprogramming errors may be magnified downstream in development. Keywords: cDNA microarray
2005-11-30 | GSE3568 | GEO
Project description:The extremely low efficiency of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derivation using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) limits potential application. Blastocyst formation from human SCNT embryos occurs at a low rate and with only some oocyte donors. We previously showed in mice that reduction of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) through ectopic expression of the H3K9me3 demethylase Kdm4d greatly improves SCNT embryo development. Here we show that overexpression of a related H3K9me3 demethylase KDM4A improves human SCNT, and that, as in mice, H3K9me3 in the human somatic cell genome is an SCNT reprogramming barrier. Overexpression of KDM4A significantly improves the blastocyst formation rate in human SCNT embryos by facilitating transcriptional reprogramming, allowing derivation of NTESCs from all oocyte donors tested using adult AMD patient somatic nuclei donors. This conserved mechanistic insight has potential applications for improving SCNT in a variety of contexts, including regenerative medicine. Here we perform RNA-seq based transcriptome profiling in human Donor (fibroblast cells), in vitro fertilized embryos at 8-cell stages (IVF_8Cell), somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos at 8-cell stages (SCNT_8Cell), SCNT assisted by KDM4A 8-cell embryos (SCNT_KDM4A_8Cell). Besides, we also perform RNA-seq in Control human ES cells (CTR_hES) and SCNT assisted by KDM4A derived human ES cells (NTK) with duplicates.Â
2016-03-01 | E-GEOD-73362 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Understanding the mechanism of resistance of certain genes to reactivation will help improving the success of nuclear reprogramming. Here, in a Xenopus oocyte nuclear transfer assay we identify mouse genes that are resistant to reprogramming by oocyte factors. By using MEF nuclei with WT or reduced DNA methylation in combination with chromatin modifiers able to erase H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H2Aub from transplanted nuclei, we reveal the basis for resistance to transcriptional reprogramming. We observe a complex relationship between loss of resistance and chromatin modifiers treatment as a majority of gene is affected by more than one type of treatment, suggesting that resistance requires simultaneous repression through multiple epigenetic mechanisms. Existence of synergistic as well as adverse mechanism of action of chromatin modifiers on removal of resistance is revealed by the classification of resistant genes according to their sensitivity to chromatin modifiers treatments. We further demonstrate that removal of H2Aub from transplanted chromatin explain loss of resistance upon USP21 expression. Finally, we provide evidence that H2A ubiquitylation is also contributing to resistance to transcriptional reprogramming in mouse nuclear transfer embryos.
2017-06-12 | GSE87872 | GEO
Project description:Pig cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) remains extremely inefficient and many cloned embryos undergo abnormal development. Here by profiling transcriptome expression, we observed dysregulated chromosome-wide gene expression in every chromosome and identified a considerable number of genes that are aberrantly expressed in the abnormal cloned embryos. In particular, XIST, a long noncoding RNA gene, showed highly ectopic expression in abnormal embryos. We also proved that nullification of the XIST gene in donor cells can correct aberrant gene expression in cloned embryos and enhance long term development capacity of the embryos. Furthermore, the increased quality of XIST-deficient embryos was associated with the global H3K9me3 reduction. Injection of H3K9me demethylase Kdm4A into NT embryos could improve the development of preimplantation stage embryos. However, Kdm4A addition also induced XIST derepression in the active X chromosome, thus was not able to enhance the in vivo long term developmental capacity of porcine NT embryos.
2018-01-01 | GSE107302 | GEO
Project description:Animal cloning has been achieved in many species by transplanting differentiated cell nuclei to unfertilized oocytes. However, the low efficiencies of cloning have remained an unresolved issue. We find that the combination of two small molecules, trichostatin A (TSA) and vitamin C (VC), under culture condition with deionized bovine serum albumin (dBSA), dramatically improves the cloning efficiency in mice and 15% of cloned embryos develop to term by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). RNA-seq analyses of SCNT embryos at the 2-cell stage revealed that the treatment with TSA, followed by the VC treatment, resulted in the upregulated expression of the previously identified reprogramming-resistant genes. Moreover, the expression of 2-cell-specific retroelements was upregulated by the sequential treatment with TSA and VC. The best condition for reprogramming is to add TSA for 8 hours after nuclear transfer and then SCNT embryos are further cultured with VC for 7 hours.
2017-04-15 | GSE95053 | GEO
Project description:The extremely low efficiency of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derivation using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) limits potential application. Blastocyst formation from human SCNT embryos occurs at a low rate and with only some oocyte donors. We previously showed in mice that reduction of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) through ectopic expression of the H3K9me3 demethylase Kdm4d greatly improves SCNT embryo development. Here we show that overexpression of a related H3K9me3 demethylase KDM4A improves human SCNT, and that, as in mice, H3K9me3 in the human somatic cell genome is an SCNT reprogramming barrier. Overexpression of KDM4A significantly improves the blastocyst formation rate in human SCNT embryos by facilitating transcriptional reprogramming, allowing derivation of NTESCs from all oocyte donors tested using adult AMD patient somatic nuclei donors. This conserved mechanistic insight has potential applications for improving SCNT in a variety of contexts, including regenerative medicine.
2016-03-01 | GSE73362 | GEO