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Dysregulated lipid metabolism blunts the sensitivity of B16F10 melanoma cells to EZH2 inhibitor

ABSTRACT: The sensitivity has been the key issue for EZH2 inhibitor in cancer therapy. Although it has been approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2020, the relative narrow scope still limits its clinical application. In this study, we utilized B16F10 melanoma cell line which is resistant to EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 to an extent to investigate the underlying mechanism. We found that although the proliferative phenotype didn't show any difference upon treatment with GSK126 at 10 μM, the transcriptome and metabolome changed profoundly. Gene set enrichment analysis and metabolites pathway enrichment analysis revealed that GSK126 induced broad shifts in glucose, amino acids and lipid metabolism. Lipid synthesis were strengthened with elevated abundance of unsaturated fatty acids. We also found attenuated tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, and decreased amino acids levels. The liver lipid accumulation and the increased blood triglycerides level after GSK126 treatment were further confirmed in a mouse model. Indeed, the combination of GSK126 and lipolysis agent fenofibrate significantly attenuated the proliferation of B16F10 and increased the sensitivity to GSK126. Therefore, the dysregulated lipid metabolism blunts the sensitivity of B16F10 to GSK126. This study uncovered the iceberg under the sea and identified the Achilles heel of EZH2 inhibitor, so that it provides the novel strategy for further combination therapy.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE163078 | GEO | 2022/02/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:We studied transcriptional changes by Affymetrix human microarrays in DLBCL cell lines as a result of treatment with GSK126, a potent, highly-selective, SAM-competitive, small molecule inhibitor of EZH2 In eukaryotes, epigenetic post-translational modification of histones is critical for regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and is responsible for repressing target gene expression through methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27). Over-expression of EZH2 is implicated in tumorigenesis and correlates with poor prognosis in multiple tumor types. Recent reports have identified somatic heterozygous mutations of Y641 and A677 residues within the catalytic SET domain of EZH2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). The Y641 residue is the most frequently mutated residue, with 22% of GCB (Germinal Cell B-cell) DLBCL and FL harboring mutations at this site. These lymphomas exhibit increased H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) due to altered substrate preferences of the mutant enzymes. However, it is unknown whether direct inhibition of EZH2 methyltransferase activity alone will be effective in treating lymphomas carrying activating EZH2 mutations. Herein, we demonstrate that GSK126, a potent, highly-selective, SAM-competitive, small molecule inhibitor of EZH2 methyltransferase activity, decreases global H3K27me3 levels and reactivates silenced PRC2 target genes. GSK126 effectively inhibits the proliferation of EZH2 mutant DLBCL cell lines and dramatically inhibits the growth of EZH2 mutant DLBCL xenografts in mice. Together, these data demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 activity may provide a promising treatment for EZH2 mutant lymphoma. 10 DLBCL cell lines (7 mutant and 3 wild type EZH2), that were differentially sensitive to GSK126 in proliferation assays, were treated for 72 hours, in duplicate (n=2), with either DMSO (vehicle) or 500nM of GSK126, a potent selective EZH2 inhibitor. EZH2 mutant cell lines are Pfeiffer, KARPAS-422, WSU-DLCL2, SU-DHL-10, SU-DHL-6, DB and SU-DHL-4. EZH2 wildtype cell lines are HT, OCI-LY-19 and Toledo.

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Dysregulated lipid metabolism blunts the sensitivity of B16F10 melanoma cells to EZH2 inhibitor

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