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MRNA vaccine efficacy in a severe COVID-19 model: attenuated activation of pulmonary immune cells after the challenge

ABSTRACT: mRNA-1273, an mRNA-based vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is efficacious in mouse and non-human primate models of mild COVID-19. Hamsters exhibit more severe clinical disease from SARS-CoV-2, making it an important model to evaluate vaccine efficacy. Here we show that mock-vaccine treated hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 show weight loss and pulmonary infection with pathological changes and increased activated interstitial macrophages and other immune cell types. Prime-boost administration of mRNA-1273 elicited dose-independent robust binding and neutralizing antibodies, ameliorated weight loss and suppressed virus replication in the upper and lower airways. Vaccination largely prevented pulmonary pathological changes, antiviral immune cell activation and changes in cell type composition although increases in some immune cell types and activation of regulatory pathways were found and coincided with an anamnestic antibody response. The results characterize unexpected pulmonary cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated animals that were shared but greatly attenuated, when compared to mock-vaccinated animals. The efficacy of mRNA-1273 is demonstrated as a two-dose vaccination schedule in a model of severe COVID-19.

ORGANISM(S): Mesocricetus auratus

PROVIDER: GSE163838 | GEO | 2021/12/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:In the last two years, the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a scientific and social challenge worldwide. Vaccines have been the most effective intervention for reducing virus transmission and disease severity. However, virus genetic variants are still circulating among vaccinated individuals with different symptomatology disease cases. Understanding the protective or disease associated mechanisms in vaccinated individuals is relevant to advance in vaccine development and implementation. To address this objective, serum protein profiles were characterized by quantitative proteomics and data analysis algorithms in four cohorts of vaccinated individuals uninfected and SARS-CoV-2 infected with asymptomatic, nonsevere and severe disease symptomatology. The results showed that immunoglobulins were the most overrepresented proteins in infected cohorts when compared to PCR-negative individuals. The immunoglobulin profile varied between different infected cohorts and correlated with protective or disease associated capacity. Overrepresented immunoglobulins in PCR-positive individuals correlated with protective response against SARS-CoV-2, other viruses, and thrombosis in asymptomatic cases. In nonsevere cases, correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 and HBV together with risk of myasthenia gravis and allergy and autoantibodies were observed. Patients with severe symptoms presented risk for allergy, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and autoantibodies. The analysis of underrepresented immunoglobulins in PCR-positive compared to PCR-negative individuals identified vaccine-induced protective epitopes in various coronavirus proteins including the Spike receptor-binding domain RBD. Non-immunoglobulin proteins were associated with COVID-19 symptoms and biological processes. These results evidence host-associated differences in response to vaccination and the possibility of improving vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.

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MRNA vaccine efficacy in a severe COVID-19 model: attenuated activation of pulmonary immune cells after the challenge

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