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Epigambogic acid A inhibits the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer through inhibiting the expression of DIRC1

ABSTRACT: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading life-threatening cancer in the world. Gamboge, a type of desiccating resin excreted from gamboge stalk, has been reported to have antitumor effects in various malignancies. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism in lung cancer. In this study, we discovered a novel compound in gamboge, epigambogic acid A, which significantly inhibited lung cancer cell growth with 99.94% inhibition. In addition, epigambogic acid A suppressed cell invasion and metastasis, and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells. The combinatorial analysis of transcriptome sequencing and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database indicated that epigambogic acid A could remarkably decrease the expression of oncogenes such as disrupted in renal cancer 1 (DIRC1) and collagen type III alpha 1 chain (COL3A1). Moreover, DIRC1 promoted cell proliferation and clone formation in NSCLC cells. Overall, these results identify a key role of epigambogic acid A in tumor suppression and uncover the mechanism of action of epigambogic acid A and DIRC1, which provides potential implications in NSCLC therapy.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE163909 | GEO | 2022/09/09

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Mutant KRAS (mut-KRAS) is present in 30% of all human cancers and plays a critical role in cancer cell growth and resistance to therapy. There is evidence from colon cancer that mut-KRAS is a poor prognostic factor and negative predictor of patient response to molecularly targeted therapy. However, evidence for such a relationship in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is conflicting. KRAS mutations are primarily found at codons 12 and 13, where different base changes lead to alternate amino acid substitutions that lock the protein in an active state. The patterns of mut-KRas amino acid substitutions in colon cancer and NSCLC are quite different, with aspartate (D) predominating in colon cancer (50%) and cysteine (C) in NSCLC (47%). Through an analysis of a recently completed biopsy biomarker-driven, molecularly targeted multi-arm trial of 215 evaluable patients with refractory NSCLC we show that mut-KRas-G12C/V but not total mut-KRAS predicts progression free survival for the overall group, and for the sorafenib and vandetanib treatment arms. Transcriptome microarray data shows differential expression of cell cycle genes between mut-KRas-G12C/V and G12D patient tumors. A panel of NSCLC cell lines with known mut-KRas amino acid substitutions was used to identify pathways activated by the different mut-KRas, showing that mut-KRas-G12D activates both PI-3-K and MEK signaling, while mut-KRas G12C does not, and alternatively activates RAL signaling. This finding was confirmed using immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells stably transfected with wt-KRAS and different forms of mut-KRAS. Molecular modeling studies show that the different conformation imposed by mut-KRas-G12C could lead to altered association with downstream signaling transducers compared to wild type and mut-KRas-G12D. The significance of the findings for developing mut-KRAS therapies is profound, since it suggests that not all mut-KRas amino acid substitutions signal to effectors in a similar way, and may require different therapeutic interventions. Gene expression profiles were measured in 22 core biopsies from patients with refractory non-small cell lung cancer included in the Biomarker-integrated Approaches of Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer Elimination (BATTLE). All tumors were KRAS mutants, but with different patterns of amino acid substitutions. Supervised analysis of transcriptome profiling was performed to compare cysteine or valine KRAS mutants with other KRAS mutants.

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Epigambogic acid A inhibits the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer through inhibiting the expression of DIRC1

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