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A distal Foxp3 enhancer enables interleukin-2 dependent thymic Treg cell lineage commitment for robust immune tolerance[TCR-seq]

ABSTRACT: STAT5 activation downstream of the Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) facilitates Foxp3 expression, which is required for the differentiation and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, due to the pleiotropic roles of IL-2R signaling, it is unclear how STAT5 acts on the Foxp3 locus to promote Treg cell lineage commitment. Here, we report that IL-2–STAT5 signaling converges on an enhancer (CNS4) during early Foxp3 induction. CNS4 facilitates and sustains the IL-2–dependent CD25+Foxp3– precursor to Treg cell transition in the thymus. Its deficiency results in markedly impaired Treg cell generation in neonates, which is partially mitigated with age. While the thymic Treg cell paucity caused by CNS4 deficiency did not result in autoimmunity on its own, it exacerbated autoimmune manifestations caused by disruption of the Aire gene. Thus, CNS4 enhancer activity ensures robust Treg cell differentiation early in postnatal life and, cooperatively with other tolerance mechanisms, minimizes autoimmunity.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE164117 | GEO | 2021/03/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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A distal Foxp3 enhancer enables interleukin-2 dependent thymic Treg cell lineage commitment for robust immune tolerance[ChIP-seq][Stat5]

Project description:STAT5 activation downstream of the Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) facilitates Foxp3 expression, which is required for the differentiation and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells. However, due to the pleiotropic roles of IL-2R signaling, it is unclear how STAT5 acts on the Foxp3 locus to promote Treg cell lineage commitment. Here, we report that IL-2–STAT5 signaling converges on an enhancer (CNS4) during early Foxp3 induction. CNS4 facilitates and sustains the IL-2–dependent CD25+Foxp3– precursor to Treg cell transition in the thymus. Its deficiency results in markedly impaired Treg cell generation in neonates, which is partially mitigated with age. While the thymic Treg cell paucity caused by CNS4 deficiency did not result in autoimmunity on its own, it exacerbated autoimmune manifestations caused by disruption of the Aire gene. Thus, CNS4 enhancer activity ensures robust Treg cell differentiation early in postnatal life and, cooperatively with other tolerance mechanisms, minimizes autoimmunity.

2021-03-16 | GSE163760 | GEO

A distal Foxp3 enhancer enables interleukin-2 dependent thymic Treg cell lineage commitment for robust immune tolerance [RNA-seq]

Project description:STAT5 transcription factor activation downstream of the Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) induces expression of Foxp3, a critical step in the differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Due to the pleiotropic outputs of IL-2R signaling, it is unclear whether STAT5 acts directly on the Foxp3 locus to promote its expression . Here, we report that IL-2 – STAT5 signaling converged on an enhancer (CNS4) during Foxp3 induction. CNS4 facilitated and sustained the IL-2 dependent CD25+Foxp3– precursor to Treg cell transition in the thymus. Its deficiency resulted in markedly impaired Treg cell generation in neonates, which was partially mitigated with age. While the thymic Treg cell paucity caused by CNS4 deficiency did not result in autoimmunity on its own, it exacerbated autoimmune manifestations caused by disruption of the Aire gene. Thus, CNS4 enhancer activity ensures robust Treg cell differentiation early in postnatal life and cooperatively with other tolerance mechanisms, minimizes autoimmunity.

2021-03-16 | GSE168829 | GEO

A distal Foxp3 enhancer enables interleukin-2 dependent thymic Treg cell lineage commitment for robust immune tolerance

2021-03-16 | GSE168942 | GEO

A distal Foxp3 enhancer enables interleukin-2 dependent thymic Treg cell lineage commitment for robust immune tolerance [ATAC-Seq]

2021-03-17 | GSE169043 | GEO

IL-2 dependent genes of T regulatory and T effector cells

Project description:Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling is essential for T regulatory (Treg) cell development and homeostasis. Here we show that expression of IL-2Rbeta chains that lack tyrosine residues important for the association of the adaptor Shc and the transcription factor STAT5 in IL-2Rbeta-deficient mice resulted in production of a normal proportion of natural Treg cells that suppressed severe autoimmunity related with deficiency in IL-2 or IL-2R. These mutant IL-2Rbeta chains supported suboptimal and transient STAT5 activation that upregulate the transcription factor Foxp3 to normal amounts in natural, but not induced, Treg cells. Using cells T cell obtained from normal C57BL/6 mice and mice harboring Treg cells with impaired IL-2R signaling, gene expression profiling revealed many targets in peripheral natural Treg cells that were IL-2-dependent and a substantial overlap between the Treg cell IL-2-dependent gene program and the Treg cell transcriptional signature. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that a critical, and perhaps minor, subset of IL-2-dependent targets in Treg cells is indexed to a low IL-2R signaling threshold and that a substantial proportion of the Treg cell gene program is regulated by IL-2. CD4 T effector cells also showed many IL-2R-dependent gene and these also overlapped in a distintive manner with the IL-2-dependent genes of Treg cells and the Treg gene signature.

2009-02-22 | GSE14350 | GEO

An essential role for the IL-2 receptor in Treg cell function

Project description:Regulatory T (Treg) cells, expressing abundant amounts of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), are reliant on IL-2 produced by activated T cells. This feature implied a key role for a simple network based on IL-2 consumption by Treg cells in their suppressor function. However, congenital deficiency in IL-2R results in reduced expression of the Treg lineage specification factor Foxp3, confounding experimental efforts to understand the role of IL-2R expression and signaling in Treg suppressor function. Using genetic gain and loss of function approaches, we demonstrate that IL-2 capture is dispensable for control of CD4+ T cells, but is important for limiting CD8+ T cell activation, and that IL-2R dependent STAT5 transcription factor activation plays an essential role in Treg suppressor function separable from T cell receptor signaling.

2016-08-29 | GSE84553 | GEO

Genome-wide binding of STAT3 and STAT5 under Th17 conditions (ChIP-Seq)

Project description:Interleukin 2 (IL-2), a cytokine linked to human autoimmune diseases, limits IL-17 production. We show that deletion of Stat3 in T cells abrogates IL-17 production and attenuates autoimmunity associated with IL-2 deficiency. While STAT3 induces IL-17 and RORγt and inhibits Foxp3, IL-2 inhibited IL-17 independently of Foxp3 and RORγt. We found that STAT3 and STAT5 bound to multiple common sites across the Il17 genetic locus. The induction of STAT5 binding by IL-2 was associated with a reduction in STAT3 binding at these sites and the inhibition of associated active epigenetic marks. Titrating the relative activation of STAT3 and STAT5 modulated TH17 cell specification. Thus, the balance rather than the absolute magnitude of these signals determines the propensity of cells to make a key inflammatory cytokine. The genome-wide binding of STAT3 and STAT5 under Th17 conditions was investigated by CHIP-seq.

2011-02-09 | E-GEOD-26552 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Roles of STAT3 and STAT5 in regulation of gene expression under Th17 differentiation

Project description:Interleukin 2 (IL-2), a cytokine linked to human autoimmune diseases, limits IL-17 production. We show that deletion of Stat3 in T cells abrogates IL-17 production and attenuates autoimmunity associated with IL-2 deficiency. While STAT3 induces IL-17 and ROR?t and inhibits Foxp3, IL-2 inhibited IL-17 independently of Foxp3 and ROR?t. We found that STAT3 and STAT5 bound to multiple common sites across the Il17 genetic locus. The induction of STAT5 binding by IL-2 was associated with a reduction in STAT3 binding at these sites and the inhibition of associated active epigenetic marks. Titrating the relative activation of STAT3 and STAT5 modulated TH17 cell specification. Thus, the balance rather than the absolute magnitude of these signals determines the propensity of cells to make a key inflammatory cytokine. The roles of STAT3 and STAT5 in regulation of gene expression under Th17 differentiation was investigated. Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Arrays were used to evaluate global gene expression.

2011-02-09 | E-GEOD-26551 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Efficient IL-2R signaling differentially affects stability, function, and composition of the regulatory T cell pool

Project description:Signaling via the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) is a requisite for Treg cell identity and function. However, it is not completely understood to what degree IL-2R signaling is required for Treg cell homeostasis, lineage stability and function during both resting and inflammatory conditions. Here, we characterized a spontaneous mouse mutant endowed with a hypomorphic Tyr129His variant of CD25, the a chain of the IL 2R, which resulted in diminished receptor expression and reduced IL-2R signaling. Under non-inflammatory conditions Cd25-Y129H mice harbored substantially lower numbers of peripheral Treg cells with stable Foxp3 expression that prevented the development of spontaneous autoimmune diseases. In contrast, Cd25-Y129H Treg cells failed to efficiently induce immune suppression and lost linage commitment in a T cell transfer colitis model, indicating that unimpaired IL-2R signaling is critical for Treg cell function in inflammatory environments. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing of Treg cells revealed that impaired IL-2R signaling profoundly affected the balance of central and effector Treg cell subsets. Thus, partial loss of IL-2R signaling differentially interferes with maintenance, heterogeneity and suppressive function of the regulatory T cell pool.

2021-01-15 | GSE161345 | GEO

Hippo kinases Mst1 and Mst2 sense and amplify IL-2R−STAT5 signaling in Treg cells to establish stable regulatory activity

Project description:Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and downstream transcription factor STAT5 are important for maintaining regulatory T (Treg) cell homeostasis and function. Tregs can respond to low levels of IL-2, but the mechanisms by which STAT5 is activated during partial IL-2 deficiency remain uncertain. We identified the serine-threonine kinase Mst1 as a signal-dependent amplifier of IL-2−STAT5 activity in Tregs. Tregs had high Mst1 and Mst2 (Mst1−Mst2) activity that was crucial to prevent tumor resistance and autoimmunity. Mechanistically, Mst1−Mst2 sensed IL-2 signals to promote the STAT5 activation necessary for Treg cell homeostasis and lineage stability, and maintain the highly suppressive phophorylated-STAT5+ Treg cell subpopulation. Unbiased quantitative proteomics revealed an association of Mst1 with the cytoskeletal DOCK8−LRCHs module that shaped activity Rho-family GTPase Rac activity, which in turn mediated STAT5 activation in Tregs. Collectively, IL-2−STAT5 signaling critically depends upon Mst1−Mst2 functions to maintain a stable Treg cell pool and immune tolerance. We used microarrays to compare the global transcription profiles of WT and Mst1/Mst2-null Treg cell populations

2018-11-08 | GSE120711 | GEO

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