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Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of valencia orange provide insights into its domestication and traits formation

ABSTRACT: Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), namely summer orange (SO), is a type of late-ripening sweet oranges, the ripening time of which is 4 to 5 months later than that of the middle-ripening common sweet orange (CO). The mastication of SO fruit pulp is worse than that of CO. To date, how the late-ripening and poor pulp mastication traits were domesticated in SO is unknown. In this study, 13 SO cultivars and 12 CO cultivars were used for whole-genome resequencing. Population genetic diversity analysis divided these 25 samples into SO and CO subgroups, respectively. There were 144 and 141 genes identified by selective sweep analysis to be strongly selected during SO and CO evolutionary processes, respectively. Based on gene functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis, most of these selected genes in SO were related to resistance and lignin biosynthesis. Simultaneously, we comparatively analyzed the transcriptome profiles of the peel and pulp tissues among three SO cultivars and three CO cultivars, which also revealed the difference of lignin synthesis between SO and CO fruits. Moreover, according to the comparative analysis of the lignin content and the expressions of the genes related to lignin biosynthesis in SO and CO fruits, we suggested that lignin may play an important role in the pulp mastication trait of SO. In addition, a SNP molecular marker was developed to distinguish SO and CO. This study reveals that the mastication trait may be formed in the process of SO domestication, while the late-ripening trait may be formed in a genetic mutation event.

ORGANISM(S): Citrus sinensis

PROVIDER: GSE164142 | GEO | 2021/08/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a commercially important crop that produces climacteric fruits with a soft and sweet pulp that contain a wide range of health promoting phytochemicals. Despite its importance, little is known about transcriptional modifications during fruit ripening and its control. In this study we report the analysis of ripe papaya transcriptome by using a cross-species (XSpecies) microarray technique based on the phylogenetic proximity between papaya and Arabidopsis thaliana. Results: Papaya transcriptome analyses resulted in the identification of 414 ripening-related genes and some of them had their expression validated by qPCR. The transcription profile was then compared with that from ripening tomato and grape. Overall, the transcriptomics analysis revealed many similarities between ripening in papaya and tomato especially with respect to primary metabolism, regulation of transcription, biotic and abiotic stress and cell wall metabolism. XSpecies microarray data indicate that transcription factors (TFs) of the MADS-box, NAC and AP2/ERF gene families are involved in the control of papaya ripening and reveal that cell wall-related gene expression in papaya showed similarities to the expression profiles seen in A. thaliana during hypocotyl development. Conclusion: The cross-species array experiment was successful in identifying ripening-related genes in papaya. The data indicated common and diverse elements of transcription control between fruit bearing taxa and has also indicated a possible distinct co-evolutionary mechanism for papaya cell wall disassembling system. The present study represents new topics for future researches that would help complement the structural genomic data provided by the papaya genome, since there is no gene-chip available for this plant organism. Papaya ripe transcriptome was analysed using mRNA extracted from unripe and ripe fruit from 2 replicates. After microarray hybridization in ATH1-121501 chip, data were normalized against data generated by papaya DNA hybridization in another ATH1-121501 chip and analysed using perl algorithms (masks).

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Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of valencia orange provide insights into its domestication and traits formation

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