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Transient “rest” induces functional reinvigoration and epigenetic remodeling in exhausted CAR-T cells Mediate Enhanced Antitumor Activity [ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq]

ABSTRACT: T cell exhaustion limits immune responses against cancer and is a major cause of resistance to CAR-T cell therapeutics. Using a model wherein tonic CAR signaling induces hallmark features of exhaustion, we employed a drug-regulatable CAR to test the impact of transient cessation of receptor signaling (i.e. “rest”) on the development and maintenance of exhaustion. Induction of rest in exhausting or already-exhausted CAR-T cells resulted in acquisition of a memory-like phenotype, improved anti-tumor functionality, and wholescale transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming. Similar results were achieved with the Src kinase inhibitor dasatinib, which reversibly suppresses CAR signaling. The degree of functional reinvigoration was proportional to the duration of rest and was associated with expression of transcription factors TCF1 and LEF1. This work demonstrates that transient cessation of CAR-T cell signaling can enhance anti-tumor potency by preventing or reversing exhaustion and challenges the paradigm that exhaustion is an epigenetically fixed state.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE164947 | GEO | 2021/01/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Transient “rest” induces functional reinvigoration and epigenetic remodeling in exhausted CAR-T cells Mediate Enhanced Antitumor Activity [RNA-seq]

Project description:T cell exhaustion limits immune responses against cancer and is a major cause of resistance to CAR-T cell therapeutics. Using a model wherein tonic CAR signaling induces hallmark features of exhaustion, we employed a drug-regulatable CAR to test the impact of transient cessation of receptor signaling (i.e. “rest”) on the development and maintenance of exhaustion. Induction of rest in exhausting or already-exhausted CAR-T cells resulted in acquisition of a memory-like phenotype, improved anti-tumor functionality, and wholescale transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming. Similar results were achieved with the Src kinase inhibitor dasatinib, which reversibly suppresses CAR signaling. The degree of functional reinvigoration was proportional to the duration of rest and was associated with expression of transcription factors TCF1 and LEF1. This work demonstrates that transient cessation of CAR-T cell signaling can enhance anti-tumor potency by preventing or reversing exhaustion and challenges the paradigm that exhaustion is an epigenetically fixed state.

2021-01-16 | GSE164949 | GEO

Transient “rest” induces functional reinvigoration and epigenetic remodeling in exhausted CAR-T cells Mediate Enhanced Antitumor Activity [ATAC-seq]

2021-01-16 | GSE164946 | GEO

Transient “rest” induces functional reinvigoration and epigenetic remodeling in exhausted CAR-T cells Mediate Enhanced Antitumor Activity

Project description:Transient “rest” induces functional reinvigoration and epigenetic remodeling in exhausted CAR-T cells Mediate Enhanced Antitumor Activity

| PRJNA692497 | ENA

Transient “rest” induces functional reinvigoration and epigenetic remodeling in exhausted CAR-T cells Mediate Enhanced Antitumor Activity [RNA-seq]

Project description:Transient “rest” induces functional reinvigoration and epigenetic remodeling in exhausted CAR-T cells Mediate Enhanced Antitumor Activity [RNA-seq]

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Transient “rest” induces functional reinvigoration and epigenetic remodeling in exhausted CAR-T cells Mediate Enhanced Antitumor Activity [ATAC-seq]

Project description:Transient “rest” induces functional reinvigoration and epigenetic remodeling in exhausted CAR-T cells Mediate Enhanced Antitumor Activity [ATAC-seq]

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Enhanced safety and efficacy of protease-regulated CAR-T cell receptors

Project description:Regulatable CAR platforms could circumvent toxicities associated with CAR-T therapy, but existing systems have shortcomings including leakiness and attenuated activity. Here, we present SNIP-CARs, a novel protease-based platform for regulating CAR activity using an FDA-approved small molecule. Design iterations yielded CAR-T cells that manifest full functional capacity with drug and no leaky activity in the absence of drug. In numerous models, SNIP CAR-T cells were more potent than constitutive CAR-T cells and showed diminished T cell exhaustion and greater stemness. In a ROR1-based CAR lethality model, drug cessation following toxicity onset reversed toxicity, thereby credentialling the platform as a safety switch. In the same model, reduced drug dosing opened a therapeutic window that resulted in tumor eradication in the absence of toxicity. SNIP-CARs enable remote tuning of CAR activity, which provides solutions to safety and efficacy barriers currently limiting progress in using CAR T cells to treat solid tumors.

2022-03-09 | GSE192998 | GEO

Transient “rest” induces functional reinvigoration and epigenetic remodeling in exhausted CAR-T cells Mediate Enhanced Antitumor Activity [ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq]

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Optimization of CAR T cell signaling by incorporation of null mutations

Project description:An obstacle with continued clinical development of CAR T cells is the limited understanding of CAR T cell biology and its mechanisms of anti-tumor immunity. We and others have shown that CARs with a CD28 co-stimulatory domain drive high levels of T cell activation that also lead to exhaustion and shortened persistence. This led us to hypothesize that by incorporating null mutations of CD28 subdomains (YMNM, PRRP, or PYAP) we could optimize CAR T cell signaling and reduce exhaustion. In vivo we found that mice given CAR T cells with a PYAP CD28 endodomain had a significant survival advantage. We also observed that mutant CAR T cells had significantly less expression of PD1 and were increased in the bone marrow and spleen. In addition, these mutant CAR T cells had optimized signaling resulting in a reduction of exhaustion related transcription factors and genes. Our results demonstrate that CAR T cells with a mutant CD28 endodomain have better survival and decreased exhaustion and is the result of decreased CAR dependent NFAT/NR4A1 transcription factors. This work allows for development of enhanced CAR T cell therapies by optimizing CAR T cell signaling.

2020-12-16 | GSE142506 | GEO

ATAC-seq profiling of human Tregs and conventional CD4+ cells that were transduced with a non-tonic signaling (CD19) or a tonic signaling (HA) CAR

Project description:Whether or not human Tregs are susceptible to exhaustion, and if so, if this would limit their therapeutic effect, was unknown. We studied how a tonic-signaling CAR, which induce Tconv exhaustion, affect human Tregs. We thus sorted naïve Tregs and naïve conventional CD4s and transduced them with a non-TS CAR (CD19) or a TS-CAR (HA).

2023-03-15 | GSE209835 | GEO

Tonic-signaling chimeric antigen receptors drive human regulatory T cell exhaustion

Project description:Whether or not human Tregs are susceptible to exhaustion, and if so, if this would limit their therapeutic effect, was unknown. We studied how a tonic-signaling CAR, which induces Tconv exhaustion, affects human Tregs. We thus sorted naïve Tregs and naïve conventional CD4s and transduced them with a non-TS CAR (CD19) or a TS-CAR (HA).

2022-07-28 | GSE209671 | GEO

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