Ethanol induction of the yeast-to-mycelium dimorphic transition in the Basidiomycota fungus Ustilago maydis
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Ustilago maydis
PROVIDER: GSE164981 | GEO | 2021/01/18
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:In this study, we performed comparative transcriptomics to understand how mechanisms for fungal dimorphism are similar to the model species Ustilago maydis. To achieve this, we selected two non-model species from Ustilaginomycotina, Meira miltonrushii and Tilletiopsis washingtonensis, for transcriptomic profiling. Different culture conditions were used to have these two fungi display yeast growth (Holliday's minimal media with 1% glucose as a carbon source) and filamentous growth (Holliday's minimal media with 1% Tween as a carbon source). Then, we performed transcriptomic sequencing and analyses to determine which genes are differentially expressed in filamentous growth compared to yeast growth. We also incorporated public datasets from other two dimorphic species, U. maydis and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, for comparison. We found that T. washingtonensis, despite being closely related to M. miltonrushii, is the most distant species in terms of the similarities of transcriptomic alteration, suggesting phylogenetic relatedness may not be concurrent with transcriptomic similarity under the same biological phenomenon. Functional enrichment analyses reveal that genes in cell energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism and cytoskeleton are groups of genes differentially expressed in common among the four species. Finally, although our comparative approach allows us to discover several candidate genes that may be involved in fungal dimorphism, we found very few commonly expressed genes that are know dimorphism genes characterized in U. maydis literature. This suggests the certain degree of species-specific mechanisms for dimorphic transition.
2021-06-09 | GSE154947 | GEO
Project description:We applied RNA-Seq analysis to investigate the involvement of the DNA damage response kinase Rad53 and core histones in the transcriptional response to a carbon source switch from 2% glucose to 3% ethanol. Cells were cultured in synthetic complete medium with 2% glucose and switched to 3% ethanol. Samples were collleted in log phase in glucose, 1 hour after the switch (acute response) or 20 hours after the switch (adaptation). The data show that subtelomeric genes are repressed in sml1 rad53 mutants irrespective of the carbon source, in a histone-dependent manner. The data further show that Rad53 is not involved in the global carbon source switch response, but specifically in the expression of switch-inducible subtelomeric genes.
2020-07-09 | GSE137091 | GEO
Project description:Adaptation to altered osmotic conditions is a fundamental property of living cells and has been studied in particular detail in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells accumulate glycerol as compatible solute, controlled at different levels by the High Osmolarity Glycerol (HOG) response pathway. Up to now, essentially all osmostress studies in yeast have been performed with glucose as carbon and energy source, which is metabolised by glycolysis with glycerol is as a normal by-product. Here we investigated the response of yeast to osmotic stress when yeast is respiring ethanol as carbon and energy source. Remarkably, yeast cells do not accumulate glycerol under these conditions and it appears that trehalose may partly take over the role as compatible solute. The HOG pathway is activated in very much the same way as in during growth on glucose medium and is also required for osmotic adaptation. Slower volume recovery was observed in ethanol-grown cells as compared to glucose-grown cells. Dependence on key regulators as well as the global gene expression profile were similar in many ways to those previously observed in glucose-grown cells. However, there are indications that cells re-arrange redox-metabolism when respiration is hampered under osmostress, a feature that could not be observed in glucose-grown cells.
2017-02-27 | E-MTAB-5313 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In contrast to batch cultivation, chemostat cultivation allows the identification of carbon source responses without interference by carbon-catabolite repression, accumulation of toxic products, and differences in specific growth rate. This study focuses on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, grown in aerobic, carbon-limited chemostat cultures. Genome-wide transcript levels and in vivo fluxes were compared for growth on two sugars, glucose and maltose, and for two C2-compounds, ethanol and acetate. In contrast to previous reports on batch cultures, few genes (180 genes) responded to changes of the carbon source by a changed transcript level. Very few transcript levels were changed when glucose as the growth-limiting nutrient was compared with maltose (33 transcripts), or when acetate was compared with ethanol (16 transcripts). Although metabolic flux analysis using a stoichiometric model revealed major changes in the central carbon metabolism, only 117 genes exhibited a significantly different transcript level when sugars and C2-compounds were provided as the growthlimiting nutrient. Despite the extensive knowledge on carbon source regulation in yeast, many of the carbon source-responsive genes encoded proteins with unknown or incompletely characterized biological functions. In silico promoter analysis of carbon source-responsive genes confirmed the involvement of several known transcriptional regulators and suggested the involvement of additional regulators. Transcripts involved in the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis showed a good correlation with in vivo fluxes. This correlation was, however, not observed for other important pathways, including the pentose-phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and, in particular, glycolysis. These results indicate that in vivo fluxes in the central carbon metabolism of S. cerevisiae grown in steadystate, carbon-limited chemostat cultures are controlled to a large extent via post-transcriptional mechanisms. Keywords: medium composition
2007-08-31 | GSE8895 | GEO
Project description:In response to carbon source switching from glucose to non-glucose, such as ethanol and galactose, yeast cells can directionally preprogram cellular metabolism to efficiently utilize the nutrients. However, the understanding of cellular responsive network to utilize a non-natural carbon source, such as xylose, is limited due to the incomplete knowledge on the xylose response mechanisms. Here, through optimization of the xylose assimilation pathway together with combinational evaluation of reported targets, we generated a series of mutants with varied growth ability. However, understanding how cells respond to xylose and remodel cellular metabolic network is far insufficient based on current information. Therefore, genome-scale transcriptional analysis was performed to unravel the cellular reprograming mechanisms underlying the improved growth phenotype.
2021-01-01 | GSE151478 | GEO
Project description:In contrast to batch cultivation, chemostat cultivation allows the identification of carbon source responses without interference by carbon-catabolite repression, accumulation of toxic products, and differences in specific growth rate. This study focuses on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, grown in aerobic, carbon-limited chemostat cultures. Genome-wide transcript levels and in vivo fluxes were compared for growth on two sugars, glucose and maltose, and for two C2-compounds, ethanol and acetate. In contrast to previous reports on batch cultures, few genes (180 genes) responded to changes of the carbon source by a changed transcript level. Very few transcript levels were changed when glucose as the growth-limiting nutrient was compared with maltose (33 transcripts), or when acetate was compared with ethanol (16 transcripts). Although metabolic flux analysis using a stoichiometric model revealed major changes in the central carbon metabolism, only 117 genes exhibited a significantly different transcript level when sugars and C2-compounds were provided as the growthlimiting nutrient. Despite the extensive knowledge on carbon source regulation in yeast, many of the carbon source-responsive genes encoded proteins with unknown or incompletely characterized biological functions. In silico promoter analysis of carbon source-responsive genes confirmed the involvement of several known transcriptional regulators and suggested the involvement of additional regulators. Transcripts involved in the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis showed a good correlation with in vivo fluxes. This correlation was, however, not observed for other important pathways, including the pentose-phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and, in particular, glycolysis. These results indicate that in vivo fluxes in the central carbon metabolism of S. cerevisiae grown in steadystate, carbon-limited chemostat cultures are controlled to a large extent via post-transcriptional mechanisms. Experiment Overall Design: Cultivation of microorganisms in chemostats offers numerous advantages for studying the structure and regulation of metabolic networks (11). In chemostat cultures, individual culture parameters can be changed, while keeping other relevant physical and chemical culture parameters (composition of synthetic medium, pH, temperature, aeration, etc.) constant. An especially important parameter in this respect is the specific growth rate, which, in a chemostat, is equal to the dilution rate, which can be accurately controlled. This allows the experimenter to investigate the effects of environmental changes or genetic interventions at a fixed specific growth rate, even if these changes result in different specific growth rates in batch cultures. In a chemostat, growth can be limited by a single, selected nutrient. The very low residual concentrations of this growth-limiting nutrient in chemostat cultures alleviate effects of catabolite repression and inactivation. Furthermore, these low residual substrate concentrations prevent substrate toxicity, which, for example, occurs when S. cerevisiae is grown on ethanol or acetate as the carbon source in batch cultures . Experiment Overall Design: The central goal of the present study is to assess to what extent carbon source-dependent regulation of fluxes through central carbon metabolism in S. cerevisiae is regulated at the level of transcription. To this end, we compare the transcriptome of carbon-limited, aerobic chemostat cultures grown on four different carbon sources: glucose, maltose, ethanol, and acetate. Data from the transcriptome analysis are compared with flux distribution profiles calculated with a stoichiometric metabolic network model. Questions that will be addressed are as follows: (i) does glucose-limited aerobic cultivation lead to a complete alleviation of glucose-catabolite repression; (ii) how (in)complete is our understanding of the genes involved in the transcriptional response of S. cerevisiae to four of the most common carbon sources for this yeast; and (iii) to what extent do transcriptome analyses with microarrays provide a reliable indication of flux distribution in metabolic networks?
2008-06-16 | E-GEOD-8895 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Carbon source is the basic nutrition and is essential for yeast growth. We grew the yeast cells (BY4741 strain) under different carbon sources including glucose with different concentration, galactose and raffinose. We generated bulk-cell RNA-seq data and investigated the dynamics of gene expression profiles under different growth conditions. We also generated single-cell RNA-seq data for yeast cells under 2% glucose, and explored the heterogeneity of gene expression within a cell population.
2019-05-24 | GSE131702 | GEO
Project description:We used genome-wide expression analyses to study the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to stress throughout a 15-day wine fermentation. Forty percent of the yeast genome significantly changed expression levels to mediate long-term adaptation to an environment in which ethanol is both a stressor and a carbon source. Within this set, we identify a group of 223 genes, designated as the Fermentation Stress Response (FSR), that are dramatically and permanently induced; FSR genes exhibited changes ranging from four-to eighty-fold. The FSR is novel; 62% of the genes involved have not been implicated in global stress responses and 28% of the genes have no functional annotation. Genes involved in respiratory metabolism and gluconeogenesis were expressed during fermentation despite the presence of high concentrations of glucose. Ethanol, rather than nutrient depletion, was responsible for entry of yeast cells into stationary phase. Ethanol seems to regulate yeast metabolism through hitherto undiscovered regulatory networks during wine fermentation. Keywords: time course, stress response, fermentation
2008-04-17 | GSE8536 | GEO
Project description:In the present study transcriptome and proteome of recombinant, xylose-utilising S. cerevisiae grown in aerobic batch cultures on xylose were compared with glucose-grown cells both in glucose repressed and derepressed states. The aim was to study at genome-wide level how signalling and carbon catabolite repression differed in cells grown on either glucose or xylose. The more detailed knowledge about is xylose sensed as a fermentable carbon source, capable of catabolite repression like glucose, or is it rather recognised as a non-fermentable carbon source is important in achieving understanding for further engineering this yeast for more efficient anaerobic fermentation of xylose. Experiment Overall Design: Three aerobic batch fermentations were carried out both on 50 g l-1 glucose and on 50 g l-1 xylose to compare the yeast transcriptome and proteome of cells growing on xylose with that of glucose repressed and glucose derepressed cells. Samples of the xylose-grown cells were harvested at 72 h from the start of the xylose cultures with 32 g l-1 of residual xylose present. Samples of the glucose repressed cells were harvested at 5 h from the start of the glucose cultures with 37 g l-1 of residual glucose present. Samples of the glucose derepressed cells were harvested at 24 h from the start of the glucose cultures containing no glucose but 13 g l-1 of accumulated ethanol.
2008-10-26 | E-GEOD-12890 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In the present study transcriptome and proteome of recombinant, xylose-utilising S. cerevisiae grown in aerobic batch cultures on xylose were compared with glucose-grown cells both in glucose repressed and derepressed states. The aim was to study at genome-wide level how signalling and carbon catabolite repression differed in cells grown on either glucose or xylose. The more detailed knowledge about is xylose sensed as a fermentable carbon source, capable of catabolite repression like glucose, or is it rather recognised as a non-fermentable carbon source is important in achieving understanding for further engineering this yeast for more efficient anaerobic fermentation of xylose.
2008-09-24 | GSE12890 | GEO