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RNA Seq analysis of E9.5 embryonic vagal regions in Rdh10 mutants of mouse

ABSTRACT: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is formed from vagal neural crest cells (NCC), which generate the neurons and glia that regulate gastrointestinal function. Defects in the migration, colonization or differentiation of NCC in the gut can result in gastrointestinal disorders such as Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). Although mutations in many genes have been associated with the etiology of HSCR, a significant proportion of affected individuals have an unknown genetic diagnosis. Therefore, it’s important to identify new genes, modifiers and environmental factors that regulate ENS development and HSCR. We discovered that retinol dehydrogenase 10 (Rdh10) loss-of-function mouse embryos exhibit total intestinal aganglionosis, the most severe form of HSCR. Rdh10 catalyzes the first oxidative step in the metabolism of vitamin A to its active metabolite, RA, and is therefore a central regulator of vitamin A metabolism and retinoic acid (RA) synthesis during embryogenesis. Rdh10 is highly expressed in the mesenchyme surrounding the entrance to the foregut and we demonstrate that paracrine retinoid signaling is essential between E7.5-E9.5 for NCC entry into the gut. Vagal NCC form and migrate in Rdh10 mutant embryos but fail to enter the foregut. Comparative RNA-sequencing revealed Ret-Gdnf-Gfra1-signaling which is critical for vagal NCC chemotaxis is downregulated in Rdh10 mutants and furthermore that the composition of the extracellular matrix through which NCC migrate is altered, particularly by increased collagen deposition. Collectively this restricts NCC entry into the gut, demonstrating that Rdh10-mediated vitamin A metabolism and RA signaling pleiotropically regulates the NCC microenvironment during ENS formation and in the pathogenesis of HSCR.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE166625 | GEO | 2022/02/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The gut-brain axis, a reciprocal interaction between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral intestinal functions, is conceptually feasible from recent clinical and experimental evidence showing mutual interactions between the CNS and gut microbiota that are closely associated with the bidirectional effects of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and CNS disorders. Despite recent advances in our understanding of neuroimmune interactions, it remains unclear how the gut and brain communicate to maintain gut immune homeostasis, including induction and maintenance of peripheral regulatory T cells (pTregs) and what environmental cues prompt the host to protect host from development of IBDs. Here, we report a novel liver-brain-gut neural arc that ensures proper differentiation and maintenance of peripheral regulatory T cells (pTregs) in the gut. The hepatic vagal sensory afferents were responsible for indirectly sensing the gut microenvironment and relaying the sensory inputs to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the brainstem, and ultimately to the vagal parasympathetic nerves and enteric neurons. Surgical and chemical perturbation of the vagal sensory afferents at the hepatic afferent level significantly impaired colonic pTregs, which was attributed to impairment of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) expression and retinoic acid (RA) synthesis by intestinal antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Muscarinic Ach receptor (mAChR) activation directly induced ALDH gene expression both in human and mouse colonic APCs, whereas genetic ablation of mAChRs abolished APC excitement in vitro. Disruption of left vagal sensory afferents from the liver to the brainstem in colitis models reduced the colonic pTreg pool, resulting in increased susceptibility to colitis. These results demonstrate that the novel vago-vagal liver-brain-gut reflex arc tunes the number of pTregs and maintains the gut homeostasis. Intervening in this autonomic feedback feed-forward system could help develop new therapeutic strategies to treat or prevent immunological disorders of the gut.

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RNA Seq analysis of E9.5 embryonic vagal regions in Rdh10 mutants of mouse

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