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The Anna Karenina model of β cell maturation in development and their dedifferentiation in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

ABSTRACT: Loss of mature β cell function and identity, or β cell dedifferentiation, is seen in all types of diabetes mellitus. Two competing models explain β cell dedifferentiation in diabetes. In the first model, β cells dedifferentiate in the reverse order of their developmental ontogeny. This model predicts that dedifferentiated β cells resemble β cell progenitors. In the second model, β cell dedifferentiation depends on the type of diabetogenic stress. This model, which we call the “Anna Karenina” model, predicts that in each type of diabetes, β cells dedifferentiate in their own way, depending on how their mature identity is disrupted by any particular diabetogenic stress. We directly tested the two models using a β cell-specific lineage-tracing system coupled with RNA-sequencing in mice. We constructed a multidimensional map of β cell transcriptional trajectories during the normal course of β cell postnatal development, and during their dedifferentiation in models of both type 1 diabetes (NOD) and type 2 diabetes (BTBR-Lepob/ob). Using this unbiased approach, we show here that despite some similarities between immature and dedifferentiated β cells, β cells dedifferentiation in the two mouse models is not a reversal of developmental ontogeny and is different between different types of diabetes.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE168743 | GEO | 2021/03/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were adipogenically differentiated followed by dedifferentiation. We are interested to know the new fat markers, adipogenic signaling pathways and dedifferentiation signaling pathways.Furthermore we are also intrested to know that how differentiated cells convert into dedifferentiated progenitor cells. To address these questions, MSC were adipogenically differentiated, followed by dedifferentiation. Finally these dedifferentiated cells were used for adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Histology, FACS, qPCR and GeneChip analyses of undifferentiated, adipogenically differentiated and dedifferentiated cells were performed. Regarding the conversion of adipogenically differentiated cells into dedifferentiated cells, gene profiling and bioinformatics demonstrated that upregulation (DHCR24, G0S2, MAP2K6, SESN3) and downregulation (DST, KAT2, MLL5, RB1, SMAD3, ZAK) of distinct genes play a curcial role in cell cycle to drive the adipogenically differentiated cells towards an arrested state to narrow down the lineage potency. However, the upregulation (CCND1, CHEK, HGF, HMGA2, SMAD3) and downregulation (CCPG1, RASSF4, RGS2) of these cell cycle genes motivates dedifferentiation of adipogenically differentiated cells to reverse the arrested state. We also found new fat markers along with signaling pathways for adipogenically differentiated and dedifferentiated cells, and also observed the influencing role of proliferation associated genes in cell cycle arrest and progression. We have differentiated bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) into adipogenically differentiated cells followed by dedifferentiation. We are intrested to know new fat markers, signaling pathways for adipogenically differentiated and dedifferentiated cells, along to observe the genes associated with cell cycle arrest and progression. Results are also provide molecular insight into the process of adipogenesis and dedifferentiation. To study the adipogenic differentiation and dedifferentiation process along with "how adipogenically differentiated cells convert into dedifferentiated cells" on the molecular level, gene expression profiling with genome-wide Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 olgonucleotide microarrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was applied. In total, 12 GeneChips were performed for n=3 donors and 4 times (3x4=12): 3x P4 MSC (undifferentiated state), 3x adipogenically differentiated cells at day 15 (differentiated state), 3x dedifferentiated cells at day 7 (dedifferentiated state) and 3x dedifferentiated cells at day 35 (dedifferentiated state)

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The Anna Karenina model of β cell maturation in development and their dedifferentiation in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

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