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Continuous inflammatory stimulation leads via metabolic plasticity to a pro-metastatic phenotype in triple-negative breast cancer cells I

ABSTRACT: Chronic inflammation promotes cancer progression by affecting the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate that the continuous stimulation (6 weeks) of triple-negative breast tumor cells (TNBC) by the potent pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) had a robust effect on gene expression, demonstrating that the cancer cells have been skewed to strong pro-inflammatory phenotype. Moreover, continuous TNFα + IL-1β stimulation has reduced cell-to-cell contacts in the cancer cells and has induced metabolic plasticity in TNBC cells: this was exemplified by increase in active mitochondria area and elevations in the glycolytic as well as mitochondrial respiratory potential of the cancer cells (OXPHOS). Glycolysis has induced p65 activation and has led to increased transcription and expression of pro-metastatic chemokines such as CXCL8, CXCL1 and CCL2 and sICAM-1; agreeing with the ability of these chemokines to induce the recruitment of deleterious myeloid cells to tumors, mainly inhibition of glycolysis has given rise to reduced monocytic cell migration, in vitro and in vivo, in response to cancer cell supernatants obtained following continuous TNFα + IL-1β stimulation. Such inflammation-induced metabolic plasticity, which promotes metastatic cascades in TNBC, may have important clinical implications in the treatment of TNBC patients

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE169016 | GEO | 2021/05/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Purpose: In the early phases of T1D development exposure of β-cells to IFNγ, IL-1β, and TNFα is thought to induce β-cell dysfunction and the expression of chemokines and cytokines. These changes are mediated in part by post-translational histone modifications within cis-regulatory regions. The purpose of this study was to determine if prevention of these epigenetic changes can alter cytokine induced gene expression changes. Methods: Pancreatic islets were isolated from both male and female CD1 mice by collagenase digestion and were picked by hand. Hand-picked islets were cultured for four days with 1.6ng/ml IFNγ, 0.25ng/ml IL-1β and 0.16ng/ml TNFα (cytokine) or were left untreated (nocytokine). For RNA-seq islets were collected and processed for NGS using the Illumina TruSeq library prep kit. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed using 3μg of anti-H3K4me1 (Abcam) with islets from at least 10 adult ICR mice (8-10 weeks old) exposed to 1.6ng/ml IFNγ, 0.25ng/ml Il-1β and 0.16ng/ml TNFα for four days. DNA from 4 separate ChIP experiments was pooled for library construction and sequencing using the Illumina platform. Results: Comparison of gene expression levels between untreated and cytokine-treated islets resulted in the identification of 205 genes that showed an IFNγ, Il-1β, and TNFα-induced chromatin state change (from repressed or inactive to H3K4me1 enriched, i.e. the de novo regions), or increased H3K4me1 enrichment, that were associated with genes with up-regulated expression in response to IFNγ, Il-1β, and TNFα, and 111 genes with reduced H3K4me1 and down-regulated expression in response to IFNγ, Il-1β, and TNFα. Conclusions: Our study confirms that exposure of islets to pro-inflammatory cytokines induces the expression of chemokines and that these changes are the result of a switch from an inactive to an active chromatin state. Further we show that disruption of the trithorax group complex inhibits the upregulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression.

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Continuous inflammatory stimulation leads via metabolic plasticity to a pro-metastatic phenotype in triple-negative breast cancer cells I

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