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Transcriptional silencing of ALDH2 confers a dependency on Fanconi anemia proteins in acute myeloid leukemia

ABSTRACT: With domain focused CRISPR screen, we revealed Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins UBE2T (an E2) and FANCL (an E3) as unique dependencies in AML. We demonstrate that these dependencies are due to a synthetic lethal interaction between FA proteins and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), which function in parallel pathways to counteract the genotoxic effects of endogenous aldehydes. We provide evidence that DNA hypermethylation and transcriptional silencing of ALDH2 occur in a recurrent manner in human AML patient samples, which is sufficient to confer FA pathway dependency in this disease. Taken together, our study suggests that targeting of the ubiquitination reaction catalyzed by FA proteins can eliminate ALDH2-deficient AML.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE169586 | GEO | 2021/03/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder characterized by congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure and increased susceptibility to cancer. Of the fifteen FA proteins, Fanconi anemia group C (FANCC) is one of eight FA core complex components of the FA pathway. Unlike other FA core complex proteins, FANCC is mainly localized in the cytoplasm, where it is thought to function in apoptosis, redox regulation, cytokine signaling and other processes. Previously, we showed that regulation of FANCC involved proteolytic processing during apoptosis. To elucidate the biological significance of this proteolytic modification, we searched for molecular interacting partners of proteolytic FANCC fragments. Among the candidates obtained, the transcriptional corepressor protein C-terminal binding protein-1 (CtBP1) interacted directly with FANCC and other FA core complex proteins. Although not required for stability of the FA core complex or ubiquitin ligase activity, CtBP1 is essential for proliferation, cell survival and maintenance of chromosomal integrity. Expression profiling of CtBP1-depleted and FA-depleted cells revealed that several genes were commonly up- and down-regulated, including the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). These findings suggest that FA and Wnt signaling via CtBP1 could share common effectors. HeLa cell line was grown in DMEM media supplemented with 10% FBS and were incubated in 5% CO2 at 37Â°C. A four-plasmid (pRSV-Rev, pMDLg/pRRE, pMD2.G and pLKO.1) expression system was used for lentiviral production. Different pLKO.1 plasmids carrying shRNAs targeting FANCA, FANCD2, CtBP1 or CtBP2 or a lentiviral control vector pLKO.1-scrambled were used. Lentiviral particles were produced via calcium phosphate-mediated transient transfection of the four plasmids into HEK293T cells. Cells were exposed to appropriate lentiviral particles. In each experiment, HeLa cells were transduced for 6 hours with filtered supernatant containing recombinant lentiviral particles. After transduction, the cells were cultured for 72 hours. Total RNA extracts from 3 different samples of each scrambled, CtBPs and FANCD2 shRNA treated HeLa cells were subjected to gene expression profiling via microarray analysis. Gene expression profiles were determined with Affymetrix GeneChipÂ® Human Gene 1.0.

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Transcriptional silencing of ALDH2 confers a dependency on Fanconi anemia proteins in acute myeloid leukemia

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