RNA-sequence on kidneys of wild type C57BL/6J and ARLmon/Y mice that underwent orchidectomy and testosterone (or vehicle) replacement for 4 days
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE172020 | GEO | 2021/08/23
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:We generated a mouse model (ARLmon/Y) with disrupted dimerization of the ligand-binding domain 25 (LBD) of the androgen receptor (AR). These mice exhibit an external female phenotype with undescended testes. Histological analysis of the testes of ARLmon/Y mice revealed some residual spermatogenesis. Hormone measurements in serum of the ARLmon/Y mice showed significantly high levels of androgens. To further explore the ARLmon/Y testicular phenotype, we performed RNA-sequencing on while testis of five mice per genotype.
2021-08-23 | GSE172026 | GEO
Project description:Mutations of the androgen receptor (AR) associated with prostate cancer and androgen insensitivity syndrome may profoundly influence its structure, protein interaction network and binding to chromatin, resulting in altered transcription signatures and drug responses. Current structural information fails to explain the effect of pathological mutations on AR structure-function relationship. Here we have thoroughly studied the effects of selected mutations that span the complete dimer interface of AR ligand-binding domain (AR-LBD) using X-ray crystallography in combination with in vitro, in silico, and cell-based assays. We show that these variants alter AR-dependent transcription and responses to anti-androgens by inducing a previously undescribed allosteric switch in the AR-LBD that increases exposure of residue Arg761 and ultimately leads to its enhanced methylation. We also corroborate the relevance of residues Arg761 and Tyr764 for AR dimerization and function. Together, our results reveal allosteric coupling of AR dimerization and post-translational modifications as a disease mechanism with implications for precision medicine.
2023-03-01 | GSE210393 | GEO
Project description:The androgen receptor (AR) plays a crucial role in normal physiology, development and metabolism as well as in the etiology and treatment of diverse pathologies such as androgen insensitivity syndromes (AIS), male infertility, and prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we show that dimerization of AR ligand-binding domain (LBD) is induced by receptor agonists but not by antagonists. The 2.15-Å crystal structure of homodimeric, agonist- and coactivator peptide bound AR-LBD unveils a 1,000-Å2 large dimerization surface, which harbors over 40 previously unexplained AIS- and PCa-associated point mutations. An AIS mutation in the self-association interface (P767A) disrupts dimer formation in vivo, and has a detrimental effect on the transactivating properties of full-length AR, despite retained hormone-binding capacity. The conservation of essential residues suggests that the newly unveiled dimerization mechanism might be shared by other nuclear receptors. Our work defines AR-LBD homodimerization as an essential step in the proper functioning of this important transcription factor.
2018-10-26 | PXD005575 | Pride
Project description:We generated a mouse model (ARNoC/Y) with a mutation in the FQNLF motif located on the aminoterminal domain (NTD) that disrupts the N/C interactions of the androgen receptor (AR). These mice exhibit a normal male phenotype. To be able to compare WT males and ARNoC/Y mice more directly, we performed a castration experiment with testosterone (T) supplementation for 4 days. Since slightly differences in prostate weight were observed, we performed RNA-seq on these prostate to evaluate the biological relevance.
2022-08-01 | GSE207582 | GEO
Project description:The role of androgen in breast cancer development is not fully understood although androgen receptors (AR) have been identified in breast cancer clinical samples and cell lines. However the whole spectra of androgen actions cannot be accounted to the classic AR mode of action and the possible existence of a cell surface AR has been suggested. Indeed androgens like all steroids have been reported to trigger membrane initiated signaling activity and exert specific actions. Androgens acting on the membrane can rapidly activate kinase signaling pathways and ultimately could affect gene expression. However, the molecular nature of membrane androgen binding sites represents another major persisting question. In the present study, we investigated early transcriptional effects of testosterone and the impermeable testosterone-BSA conjugate, in two breast cancer cell lines, in an attempt to decipher specific genes modified in each case, providing evidences about specific membrane initiating actions. Our data indicate that the two agents tested affect the expression of several genes. A group of genes were commonly affected while others were uniquely modified by each agent. In MDA-MB-231 cells, that are AR negative, the majority of genes affected by testosterone were also affected by testosterone-BSA indicating a membrane action. Subsequent analysis revealed that the two agents trigger different molecular pathways and cellular/molecular functions, suggestive of a molecular heterogeneity of membrane and intracellular AR. In addition, the phenotypic interactions of membrane-acting androgen with growth factor were verified at the transcriptomic level. Finally an interesting interplay between membrane-acting androgen with inflammation-related molecules, with potential clinical implications was revealed. Experiment Overall Design: Cell lines and culture conditions Experiment Overall Design: The hormone-sensitive breast cancer cell line T47D (expressing ERα, ERβ and AR) and the hormone insensitive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (expressing only ERβ) were purchased from the European Collection of Cell Cultures (Salisbury, UK). T47D cells and MDA-MB-231 were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium, supplemented with 10% charcoal treated fetal bovine serum (FBS), in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air, at 37°C. Culture media and serum were from Gibco BRL (Life Technologies, Paisley, UK). Experiment Overall Design: Treatment- Gene expression assay Experiment Overall Design: Cells were serum starved for 6 hours and then treated with 10-7M Testosterone or charcoal-treated Testosterone-BSA, for 3 hours. Total RNA was isolated using Nucleospin II columns (Macheray-Nagel, Düren, Germany), labeled and hybridized according to the Affymetrix protocol (Affymetrix Gene-Chip Expression Analysis Technical Manual), using the HGU133A plus 2 chip, analyzing a total of 54675 transcripts. Signals were detected by an Affymetrix microarray chip reader.
2009-11-16 | E-GEOD-18146 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Response to supraphysiological testosterone is predicted by a distinct AR cistrome
| PRJNA777873 | ENA
Project description:Continued androgen receptor (AR) signaling is an established mechanism underlying castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and suppression of AR signaling remains a therapeutic goal of CRPC therapy. Constitutively active androgen receptor splicing variants (AR-Vs) lack the AR ligand-binding domain (AR-LBD), the intended target of androgen deprivation therapies (ADT) including new CRPC therapies such as abiraterone and MDV3100. While the canonical full-length AR (AR-FL) and AR-Vs are both increased in CRPC, their expression regulation, associated transcriptional programs, functional relationships, and respective roles in mediating responses to endocrine therapies have not been dissected. In this study, we show that suppression of canonical AR-FL signaling by targeting AR-LBD leads to increased AR-V expression in two cell line models of CRPC. Importantly, treatment-induced AR-Vs activate a distinct expression signature enriched for cell cycle genes without requiring the presence of AR-FL. Conversely, activation of AR-FL signaling suppresses the AR-V signature but activates expression programs mainly associated with macromolecular synthesis, metabolism, and differentiation. In prostate cancer cells and CRPC xenografts treated with MDV3100 and abiraterone, increased expression of two constitutively active AR-Vs, AR-V7 and ARV567ES, but not AR-FL, parallels increased expression of the AR-driven cell cycle gene UBE2C. In addition, protein expression of AR-V7, but not AR-FL, is positively correlated with UBE2C in clinical CRPC specimens. The cumulative in vitro and in vivo evidence support an adaptive shift toward AR-V-mediated signaling in at least a subset of CRPC tumors as the AR-LBD is rendered inactive, suggesting an important mechanism contributing to drug resistance to CRPC therapies. LNCaP cells lacking AR-V were transfected with AR-V7 with or without androgen stimulation of AR-FL (4 conditions); LNCaP95 cells expressing AR-Vs were treated with control siRNA or siRNA trageting AR-LBD or AR-DBD, with or without androgen stimulation of AR-FL (6 conditions); VCaP cells expressing AR-Vs in the presence of androgen were treated with control siRNA, siRNA trageting AR-LBD, DMSO or MDV3100 to inhibit AR-FL (4 conditions). Total 14 arrays with no replicates.
2012-03-17 | E-GEOD-36549 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The catalytic subunit of the human telomerase (hTERT) is activated during tumorigenesis in many cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). Androgens mediate their effect through the androgen receptor (AR), a key factor controlling PCa growth. hTERT expression is known to be regulated by androgens, however contrarily observed to be inhibited or activated. Here, we reveal that androgens repress or activate hTERT expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Low physiological androgen levels activate while supraphysiological androgen levels (SAL) repress hTERT expression. We confirmed SAL-mediated gene repression of hTERT in native human PCa samples derived from patients treated ex vivo as well as in cancer spheroids derived from androgen-dependent and castration resistant PCa (CRPC) cells. Interestingly, based on chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) data both a positive androgen response element (pARE) at -4kb distal and a negative response element (nARE) at the proximal -0.1kb promoter region were identified. Focusing on the nARE it was narrowed down to -121 to -58 bp in the core promoter region. ChIP experiments confirmed an androgen-dependent recruitment of AR and the tumor suppressors inhibitor of growth 1 and 2 (ING1 and ING2), recently identified as AR co-repressors. Mechanistically, the knockdown of either ING1 or ING2 reduced androgen-mediated repression of hTERT indicating that ING1 and ING2 mediate AR-regulated transrepression on the hTERT expression. Thus, our data suggest a dual, biphasic function of AR to control hTERT expression by transactivation and transrepression. The inhibition of hTERT by androgens by a nARE located in the proximal promoter region is mediated at least in part by the AR co-repressors ING1 and ING2.
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Project description:Neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and remyelinating properties of androgens are well-characterized in demyelinated male mice and men suffering from multiple sclerosis. However, androgen effects mediated by the androgen receptor AR, have been only poorly studied in females who make low androgen levels. Here, we show a predominant microglial AR expression in demyelinated lesions from female mice and women with multiple sclerosis, but virtually undetectable AR expression in lesions from male animals and men with multiple sclerosis. In female mice, androgens and estrogens act in a synergistic way while androgens drive microglia response towards regeneration. Transcriptomic comparisons of demyelinated mouse spinal cords indicate that, regardless of the sex, androgens up-regulate genes related to neuronal function integrity and myelin production. Depending on the sex, androgens down-regulate genes related to the immune system in females and lipid catabolism in males. Thus, androgens are required for proper myelin regeneration in females and therapeutic approaches of demyelinating diseases need to consider male-female differences.
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Project description:Human androgen receptor (AR) is a hormone-activated transcription factor that is an important drug-target in the treatment of prostate cancer. Current small molecule AR-antagonists (such as Enzalutamide) compete with male hormones that bind to the steroid binding pocket of the AR ligand binding domain (LBD). In castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), drug-resistance can manifest through AR-LBD mutations that convert AR-antagonists into agonists, or by expression of AR-variants lacking the LBD. Such treatment resistance underscores the importance of novel ways of targeting the AR. In this study, we tested whether VPC14449, a small molecule inhibitor that was rationally designed to selectively target the AR DNA binding domain (DBD), could directly interfere with AR-DNA interactions. Using ChIP-seq in cell line models expressing AR or AR variants, we found that genome-wide chromatin binding of AR was dramatically impacted by VPC14449 (although with lesser effect on AR variants).
2018-02-16 | GSE96084 | GEO