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Reciprocal epigenetic remodeling mediated by polycomb and DNMT3B control testicular cancer hypersensitivity and resistance to 5-aza and cisplatin

ABSTRACT: We undertook a pharmacogenomic approach in order to better understand mechanisms of hypomethylating agent hypersensitivity of TGCTs by generating a panel of acquired 5-aza resistant TGCT cells and contrasting these to previously generated acquired cisplatin resistance cells from the same parent. Interestingly, there was a reciprocal relationship between cisplatin and 5-aza sensitivity, with cisplatin resistance associated with increased sensitivity to 5-aza and 5-aza resistance associated with increased sensitivity to cisplatin. Unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed 5-aza resistant cells strongly downregulated polycomb target gene expression, the exact opposite of the finding for cisplatin resistant cells which upregulated polycomb target genes. This was associate with a dramatic increase in H3K27me3 and substantial decrease in DNMT3B levels in 5-aza resistant cells, the exact opposite changes seen in cisplatin resistant cells.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE172266 | GEO | 2021/12/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Reciprocal epigenetic remodeling mediated by polycomb and DNMT3B control testicular cancer hypersensitivity and resistance to 5-aza and cisplatin [DNMT3B Knockdown]

Project description:We undertook a pharmacogenomic approach in order to better understand mechanisms of hypomethylating agent hypersensitivity of TGCTs by generating a panel of acquired 5-aza resistant TGCT cells and contrasting these to previously generated acquired cisplatin resistance cells from the same parent. Interestingly, there was a reciprocal relationship between cisplatin and 5-aza sensitivity, with cisplatin resistance associated with increased sensitivity to 5-aza and 5-aza resistance associated with increased sensitivity to cisplatin. Unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed 5-aza resistant cells strongly downregulated polycomb target gene expression, the exact opposite of the finding for cisplatin resistant cells which upregulated polycomb target genes. This was associate with a dramatic increase in H3K27me3 and substantial decrease in DNMT3B levels in 5-aza resistant cells, the exact opposite changes seen in cisplatin resistant cells.

2021-12-31 | GSE172458 | GEO

Downregulation of polycomb repressive complex 2 mediates cisplatin acquired resistant in testicular germ cell tumors

Project description:A greater understanding of the hypersensitivity and curability of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) has the potential to inform strategies to sensitize other solid tumors to conventional chemotherapies. More than 80% of metastatic TGCT patients are cured with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, resistance can occur, which results in poor outcomes. The mechanisms of cisplatin hypersensitivity and resistance in these tumors and embryonal carcinoma (EC), the stem cells of TGCTs, remain largely undefined. To study the mechanisms of cisplatin acquired resistance we generated a large panel of independently derived, acquired resistant clones from three distinct parental EC models employing a protocol designed to match standard of care regimens of TGCT patients. Transcriptomics revealed highly significant alterations shared between resistant cells regardless of their parental origin. This included a highly significant enrichment of genes normally repressed by H3K27 methylation and the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) which correlated with a substantial decrease in global H3K27me3, H2AK119 ubiquitination and expression of BMI1. Importantly repression of H3K27 methylation with the EZH2 inhibitor GSK-126 conferred cisplatin resistance to parental cells while induction of H3K27 methylation with the histone lysine demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 resulted in increased cisplatin sensitivity to resistant cells. A gene signature based on H3K27me gene enrichment was associated with an increased rate of recurrent/progressive disease in testicular cancer patients. Our data indicates that repression of H3K27 methylation may be a mechanism of cisplatin acquired resistance in TGCTs and that restoration of PRC2 complex function could be a viable approach to overcome treatment failure.

2019-11-11 | GSE129696 | GEO

Metformin impairs cisplatin effects in cell size and proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells, modulating the mTOR and other metabolic pathways.

Project description:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and reports innate and acquired therapeutic resistance to cisplatin. Metformin (MET), an antidiabetic agent with potential antitumor activity, overcomes cisplatin resistance in some cancers through AMPK-dependent and independent mechanisms. MET is a potential treatment in cells with LKB1 mutation, even with the impairment of AMPK and overactivation of mTOR signaling. The present study investigated the role of mTOR signaling and other signaling pathways after MET treatment in control and resistant A549 cells, mapping pathways and possible targets for cisplatin sensitivity induced by metformin.

2021-09-09 | PXD017645 | Pride

miRNA expression data from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell line BxPC3 and its cisplatin-resistant derivative BxPC3-R

Project description:Differential expression of miRNAs between parental and cisplatin-resistant PDAC cells was analyzed to elucidate the role of miRNAs in the acquired resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to cisplatin. Cisplatin-resistant BxPC3-R cells were developed from the parental BxPC3 cell line by culturing them in medium with step-wise increasing concentration of cisplatin.

2016-05-01 | GSE79506 | GEO

Expression data from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines AsPC1, BxPC3 and their cisplatin-resistant derivatives AsPC1-R and BxPC3-R

Project description:Cisplatin is a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, which is estimated to be administered to 40-80% of patients undergoing chemotherapy. However, its clinical utility is often limited due to factors that include acquired resistance of cancer cells to cisplatin. Because cisplatin is currently evaluated as a prospective agent for combined chemotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we have investigated mechanisms involved in the acquired resistance of PDAC cells to cisplatin using gene expression study of two different parental-resistant pairs of PDAC cell lines. We have developed cisplatin-resistant cell lines AsPC1-R and BxPC3-R from their parental PDAC cell lines AsPC1 and BxPC3, respectively, by culturing them in medium with step-wise increasing concentration of cisplatin. Parental and resistant pairs of PDAC cells were analyzed by whole-transcript gene expression analysis.

2015-11-30 | GSE73978 | GEO

Gene expression profile of azacitidine- and decitabine- resistant HTLV-1-infected cell lines

Project description:We generated azacitidine (AZA)- and decitabine (DAC)-resistant (AZA-R and DAC-R, respectively) cells from drug-sensitive ATL cell lines TL-Om1 and MT-2 via long-term drug exposure. To identify molecular mechanisms responsible for acquired resistance, we performed transcriptome analysis using Clariom S microarray.

2021-11-30 | GSE166980 | GEO

Unexpected roles of ATP11B in platinum resistance

Project description:Platinum compounds display clinical activity against a wide variety of solid tumors. However, resistance to these agents is a major limitation in cancer therapy. Reduced platinum uptake and increased platinum export are examples of resistance mechanisms that limit the extent of DNA damage. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of the role of ATP11B, a P-type ATPase membrane protein, in cisplatin resistance. ATP11B gene silencing restored the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell lines to cisplatin in vitro. Combined therapy of cisplatin and ATP11B-siRNA significantly decreased cancer growth in mice bearing ovarian tumors derived from cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cells. In vitro mechanistic studies on cellular platinum content and cisplatin efflux-kinetics indicated that ATP11B enhances the export of cisplatin from cells. The co-localization of ATP11B with fluorescent cisplatin and with vesicular trafficking proteins such as syntaxin-6 (STX6) and vesicular associated membrane protein 4 (VAMP4) strongly suggests that ATP11B contributes to secretory vesicular transport of cisplatin from Golgi to plasma membrane. In conclusion, silencing ATP11B expression might be a therapeutic strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance. We performed the transfection of control-siRNA and ATP11B-siRNA to both cisplatin-sensitive A2780-PAR and cisplatin-resistant A2780-CP20 cells respectively.

2013-01-23 | E-GEOD-43694 | biostudies-arrayexpress

MiRNA Expression Profiling in Cisplatin Resistance Human Gastric Cancer Cell Lines and Their Parental Cell Lines

Project description:Cisplatin is the first-line agent utilized for the clinical treatment of a wide variety of solid tumors including gastric cancer. However, the intrinsic or acquired cisplatin resistance is often occurred in patients with gastric cancer and resulted in failure of cisplatin therapy. In order to investigate if miRNA involves in cisplatin resistance of human gastric cancer, we first screened and compared the expression of miRNAs between cisplatin resistant gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901/DDP and BGC-823/DDP and their sensitive parental cells by miRNAs microarray.

2016-09-05 | GSE86195 | GEO

RNA-seq analysis of A2780 and OVCAR3 human ovarian cancer cell lines after overexpression of collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1)

Project description:Collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) is identified as one of the most upregulated genes in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer and recurrent ovarian cancer. However, the exact functions of COL11A1 in cisplatin resistance are unknown. The goal of this study is to determine molecular mechanisms by which COL11A1 confers cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. We overexpressed COL11A1 in A2780 and OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cells, which express very low endogenous levels of COL11A1. We then compared the mRNA expression levels of various genes between COL11A1-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells and control ovarian cancer cells by RNA-Seq. Our RNA-Seq data show that COL11A1 overexpression did not consistently change the expression levels of genes involved in cisplatin efflux, glutathione metabolism, and DNA repair pathways, which are known to contribute to cisplatin resistance. This result implies that COL11A1 might confer cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells through other mechanisms.

2019-10-10 | GSE112985 | GEO

Expression data identifying hypermethylated genes associated with acquired cisplatin resistance

Project description:Treatment-related DNA hypermethylation may play a role in creating drug resistant phenotypes by inactivating genes that are required for cytotoxicity, but there have been no genome-wide studies to systematically investigate methylation of individual genes following exposure to chemotherapy. We used microarrays and a pharmacologic unmasking protocol in isogenic cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cell lines to identify genes that were down-regulated in cisplatin-resistant cells and could be re-activated by the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC). We identified several hundred genes that were down-regulated in each resistant cell line. Of these, 30 genes were common to > 2 cell lines, and/or reported to be down-regulated in previous studies. siRNA knockdown of two candidate genes increased cell viability with cisplatin treatment in sensitive parental cell lines Cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant SCC cells and KB and KB cisplatin-resistant clones (n=2) were split to low density and treated with freshly prepared 5 microM 5-Aza-dC dissolved in 50% acetic acid/50% PBS or were mock treated with the same volume of vehicle in the media for 5 days. Subsequently, RNA was extracted and hybridized on Affymetrix U133A microarrays. Signal intensity and statistical significance was established for each transcript, and a 2-fold decrease in signal in each paired sensitive/resistant cell line in combination with 1.5-fold increase after 5Aza-dC treatment was used to identify candidate genes.

2010-04-12 | E-GEOD-19397 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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