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A complex epigenome-splicing crosstalk governs epithelial to mesenchymal transition in metastasis and brain development

ABSTRACT: Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) renders epithelial cells migratory properties. While epigenetic and splicing changes have been implicated in EMT, the mechanisms governing their crosstalk remain poorly understood. Here, we discovered a C2H2 zinc finger protein, ZNF827, is strongly induced during various contexts of EMT including in brain development and breast cancer metastasis and is required for the molecular and phenotypic changes underlying EMT in these processes. Mechanistically, ZNF827 mediated these responses by orchestrating a large-scale remodeling of the splicing landscape by recruiting HDAC1 for epigenetic modulation of distinct genomic loci, thereby slowing RNA Pol II progression and altering the splicing of genes encoding key EMT regulators in cis. Our findings reveal an unprecedented complexity of crosstalk between epigenetic landscape and splicing programme in governing EMT and identify ZNF827 as a master regulator coupling these processes during EMT in brain development and breast cancer metastasis.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE173874 | GEO | 2022/05/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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A complex epigenome-splicing crosstalk governs epithelial to mesenchymal transition in metastasis and brain development

Project description:Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) renders epithelial cells to acquire migratory characteristics during development and cancer metastasis. While epigenetic and splicing changes have been implicated in EMT, the mechanisms governing their crosstalk remain poorly understood. Here, we identify C2H2 zinc finger protein, ZNF827, a novel factor, is strongly induced during important EMT mediated processes including in brain development and breast cancer metastasis and is required for the molecular and phenotypic changes underlying EMT in these processes. Mechanistically, ZNF827 mediated these responses by orchestrating a large-scale remodeling of the splicing landscape by recruiting HDAC1 for epigenetic modulation of distinct genomic loci, thereby slowing RNA Pol II progression and altering the splicing of transcripts encoding key EMT regulators in cis. These findings reveal an unprecedented complexity between epigenetic landscape and splicing and identifies ZNF827 as a master regulator coupling these processes during EMT in brain development and breast cancer metastasis.

2022-06-21 | PXD034511 | Pride

ZNF827-dependent splicing dynamics are critical for EMT during development and disease [RNA-seq]

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Sox4 is a master regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by controlling Ezh2 expression and epigenetic reprogramming

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Cell-type restricted activity of hnRNPM promotes breast cancer metastasis via regulating alternative splicing

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Dependency of NELF-E-KAT2B epigenetic axis in breast cancer carcinogenesis

Project description:Cancer cells undergo transcriptional reprogramming to drive tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we identified the transcriptional complex, NELF (Negative elongation factor), as an important regulator of this process. Using cancer cell lines and patient-derived tumor organoids, we demonstrated that loss of NELF inhibits breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Specifically, we found that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness-associated genes are downregulated in NELF-depleted breast cancer cells. Quantitative Multiplexed Rapid Immunoprecipitation Mass spectrometry of Endogenous proteins (qPLEX-RIME) of NELF-E, a key subunit of NELF, reveals significant rewiring of NELF-E-associated chromatin partners as a function of EMT, and further illuminates a co-option of NELF-E with the key EMT transcription factor SLUG. Accordingly, loss of NELF-E led to impaired SLUG binding on chromatin. Through integrative transcriptomic and genomic analyses, we identified the histone acetyltransferase, KAT2B, as a key functional target of NELF-E-SLUG. Genetic and pharmacological inactivation of KAT2B ameliorate expression of critical EMT marker genes, phenocopying NELF ablation. Elevated NELF-E and KAT2B expressions are associated with poorer prognosis in breast cancer patients, highlighting the clinical relevance of our findings. Importantly, KAT2B knockout mice are viable, raising the exciting prospect of targeting this dependency therapeutically. Taken together, we uncovered a crucial role of the NELF-E-KAT2B epigenetic axis in breast cancer carcinogenesis.

2023-01-28 | PXD031304 | JPOST Repository

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Project description:Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in metastasis, which is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. We show that Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein (CdGAP) promotes tumor formation and metastasis to lungs in the HER2-positive (HER2+) murine breast cancer model. CdGAP facilitates intravasation, extravasation, and growth at metastatic sites. CdGAP depletion in HER2+ murine primary tumors mediates crosstalk with a Dlc1-RhoA pathway and is associated with a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced EMT transcriptional signature. To further delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-migratory role of CdGAP in breast cancer cells, we searched for CdGAP interactors by performing a proteomic analysis using HEK293 cells overexpressing GFP-CdGAP. We found that CdGAP interacts with the adaptor Talin to modulate focal adhesion dynamics and integrin activation. Moreover, HER2+ breast cancer patients with high CdGAP mRNA expression combined with a high TGF-β-EMT signature are more likely to present lymph node invasion. Our results suggest CdGAP as a candidate therapeutic target for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer by inhibiting TGF-β and Integrin/Talin signaling pathways.

2023-07-14 | PXD043376 | Pride

Co-regulation of alternative splicing by hnRNPM and ESRP1 during EMT

Project description:The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental developmental process that is abnormally activated in cancer metastasis. Dynamic changes in alternative splicing occur during EMT. ESRP1 and hnRNPM are splicing regulators that promote an epithelial splicing program and a mesenchymal splicing program, respectively. The functional relationships between these splicing factors in the genome-scale remain elusive. Comparing alternative splicing targets of hnRNPM and ESRP1 revealed that they co-regulate a set of cassette exon events, with the majority showing discordant splicing regulation. hnRNPM discordantly regulated splicing events show a positive correlation with splicing during EMT while concordant splicing events do not, highlighting the antagonistic role of hnRNPM and ESRP1 during EMT. Motif enrichment analysis near co-regulated exons identifies guanine-uridine rich motifs downstream of hnRNPM-repressed and ESRP1-enhanced exons, supporting a model of competitive binding to these cis-elements to antagonize alternative splicing. The set of co-regulated exons are enriched in genes associated with cell-migration and cytoskeletal reorganization, which are pathways associated with EMT. Splicing levels of co-regulated exons are associated with breast cancer patient survival and correlate with gene sets involved in EMT and breast cancer subtypes. In conclusion, hnRNPM and ESRP1 co-regulate antagonistically a set of alternative splicing events that occur during EMT. This regulation is likely mediated through competition for the same intronic binding sites downstream of variable exons. hnRNPM and ESRP1 regulated splicing events are associated with breast cancer survival.

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