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Single cell RNA-seq analysis of astrocyte to neuron reprograming [Patch-seq1]

ABSTRACT: Purpose of the study is to compare the transcriptional profiles of reprogrammed neurons from spinal cord-derived astrocyte and control astroctes.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE173977 | GEO | 2021/07/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Single cell RNA-seq analysis of astrocyte to neuron reprograming [Patch-seq1]

Project description:Single cell RNA-seq analysis of astrocyte to neuron reprograming [Patch-seq1]

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Project description:Purpose of the study is to compare the transcriptional profiles of reprogrammed neurons from spinal cord-derived astrocytes, analyzed after electrophysiological recordings, and control astroctes.

2021-07-20 | GSE173978 | GEO

Astrocyte-encoded positional cues maintain sensorimotor circuit integrity

Project description:Astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the central nervous system, promote synapse formation and help refine neural connectivity. Although they are allocated to spatially distinct regional domains during development, it is unknown whether region-restricted astrocytes are functionally heterogeneous. Here we show that postnatal spinal cord astrocytes express several region-specific genes, and that ventral astrocyte-encoded Semaphorin3a (Sema3a) is required for proper motor neuron and sensory neuron circuit organization. Loss of astrocyte-encoded Sema3a led to dysregulated α−motor neuron axon initial segment orientation, markedly abnormal synaptic inputs, and selective death of α−but not of adjacent γ−motor neurons. Additionally, a subset of TrkA+ sensory afferents projected to ectopic ventral positions. These findings demonstrate that stable maintenance of a positional cue by developing astrocytes influences multiple aspects of sensorimotor circuit formation. More generally, they suggest that regional astrocyte heterogeneity may help to coordinate postnatal neural circuit refinement. 12 total samples consisting of three biological replicates each of flow sorted postnatal day 7 dorsal spinal cord astrocytes, ventral spinal cord astrocytes, dorsal SC non astrocytes, and ventral SC non astrocytes

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Sex-Specific Astrocyte Regulation of Spinal Motor Circuits by Nkx6.1 [Nkx6.1 ChIP-seq]

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Divergent transcriptional regulation of astrocyte reactivity across disorders [TR_ATAC_SCI]

Project description:Single-nuclei Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with sequencing (snATACseq) was applied to examine chromatin landscape changes and transcriptional regulator (TR) DNA motif accessibility in reactive astrocytes following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Astrocyte nuclei were isolated from the spinal cord of wild type mice and mice with astrocyte-specific conditional gene deletion (cKO) of test-case TRs, SMARCA4 (Smarca4-astro-cKO) or STAT3 knockout (Stat3-astro-cKO). Comparison of differential chromatin accessibility revealed substantial remodeling during astrocyte reactivity, with more chromatin opening than closing. Marked alterations in access to SCI reactivity-associated TR motifs were also detected.

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Hi-C from astrocyte of the spinal cord (ENCSR974LXZ)

Project description:HiC experiment done on astrocyte of the spinal cord For data usage terms and conditions, please refer to http://www.genome.gov/27528022 and http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Research/ENCODE/ENCODE_Data_Use_Policy_for_External_Users_03-07-14.pdf

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Kir4.1-dependent astrocyte-fast motor neuron interactions are required for peak strength

Project description:Diversified neurons are essential for sensorimotor function, but whether astrocytes become specialized to optimize circuit performance remains unclear. Large fast α-motor neurons (FαMNs) of spinal cord innervate fast-twitch muscles that generate peak strength. We report that ventral horn astrocytes express the inward rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1 (aka, Kcnj10) around MNs in a VGLUT1-dependent manner. Loss-of astrocyte-encoded Kir4.1 selectively altered FαMN size, function and led to reduced peak strength. Overexpression of Kir4.1 in astrocytes was sufficient to increase MN size through activation of the PI3K/mTOR/pS6 pathway. Kir4.1 was downregulated cell-autonomously in astrocytes derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with SOD1 mutation. However, astrocyte Kir4.1 was dispensable for FαMN survival even in the mutant SOD1 background. These findings show that astrocyte Kir4.1 is essential for maintenance of peak strength and suggest that Kir4.1 downregulation uncouples symptoms of muscle weakness from MN cell death in ALS.

2018-05-01 | GSE111148 | GEO

In vivo analysis of astrocyte ribosome-associated mRNA after traumatic spinal cord injury

Project description:Analysis of gene expression by astrocytes or non-astrocyte cells in spinal cord injury (SCI) lesions may lead to the identification of molecules that impact on axon regrowth. We conducted genome-wide RNA sequencing of (i) immunoprecipitated astrocyte-specific ribosome-associated RNA (ramRNA) from WT or STAT3-CKO astrocytes, and (ii) the non-precipitated (flow-through) RNA deriving from non-astrocyte cells in the same tissue samples 14 days following SCI. DOI: 10.1038/nature17623 Young adult female mGFAP-Cre-RiboTag or mGFAP-Cre-RiboTag-STAT3-LoxP mice underwent severe crush SCI at thoracic level 10. 14 days following SCI, the central 3mm of the SCI lesion was extracted, homogenized and (i) astrocyte-specific ribosome-associated RNA (ramRNA) precipitated via a hemagglutinin (HA) tag targeted to either WT (n=4) or STAT3-CKO (n=3) astrocytes, and (ii) the non-precipitated (flow-through) RNA deriving from non-astrocyte cells in the same tissue samples. Sex and age-matched mGFAP-Cre-RiboTag mice served as uninjured controls (n=4).

2016-03-30 | E-GEOD-76097 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptional profiling of astrocyte subtypes in naive mice and during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Project description:We isolated and gene expression profiled distinct astrocyte subtypes from three central nervous system regions: forebrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord, using a FACS-based protocol. Cell surface expression of Glast/Slc1a3 (G) and Acsa-2/Atp1b2 (A) was used to distinguish subpopulations of astrocytes. Furthermore, we assessed the transcriptome of cultured primary neonatal astrocytes. The local brain environment proved key in establishing different transcriptional programs in astrocyte subtypes. Functional differences between subtypes were also apparent in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitics (EAE) mice, where these astrocyte subtypes showed distinct responses. While gene expression signatures associated with blood-brain-barrier maintenance were lost during EAE, signatures contributing to neuroinflammation were increased specifically in astrocytes in the spinal cord.

2021-01-18 | GSE136358 | GEO

Divergent transcriptional regulation of astrocyte reactivity across disorders [RNA-seq]

Project description:RNA sequencing was applied to examine changes in gene expression in reactive astrocytes following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) or neuroinflammatory insult by systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Transgenic Ribotag technology was used to isolate astrocyte ribosome-associated mRNAs from the spinal cord of wild type mice and mice with astrocyte-specific conditional gene deletion (cKO) of test-case transcriptional regulators of reactivity, SMARCA4 (Smarca4-astro-cKO) or STAT3 knockout (Stat3-astro-cKO). Examination of differentially expressed gene (DEG) profiles by upstream transcriptional regulator enrichment analysis (TREA) was used identify transcriptional regulators of reactivity in each condition. Together, findings from this study show that transcriptional changes associated with astrocyte reactivity are exquisitely heterogeneous and are customized from vast numbers of potential DEGs via context-specific combinatorial TR interactions. These data have also been made accessible in a open-access, searchable database: http://tr.astrocytereactivity.com

2022-05-26 | GSE199149 | GEO

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