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Loss of Slc38a4 imprinting is a major cause of mouse SCNT placenta hyperplasia at late gestation

ABSTRACT: Placenta hyperplasia is commonly observed in cloned animals and is believed to impede the proper development of cloned embryos. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is largely unknown. Here we show that placenta hyperplasia of cloned mouse embryos occurs in both middle and late gestation. Interestingly, restoring paternal-specific expression of an amino acid transporter Slc38a4, which loses maternal H3K27me3-dependent imprinting and becomes bi-allelically expressed in cloned placentae, rescued the overgrowth of cloned placentae at late gestation. Molecular analyses reveal that loss of Slc38a4 imprinting leads to over activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway in cloned placentae, which is likely due to the increased amino acids transportation by SLC38A4. Collectively, our study not only reveals loss of Slc38a4 imprinting is responsible for overgrowth of cloned placentae at late gestation, but also suggests the underlying mechanism involves increased amino acid transportation and over activation of mTORC1.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE174174 | GEO | 2022/01/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Germline epigenetic programming, including genomic imprinting, substantially influences offspring development. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) plays an important role in Histone 3 Lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3)-dependent imprinting, loss of which leads to growth and developmental changes in mouse offspring. In this study, we show that offspring from mouse oocytes lacking the PRC2 protein Embryonic Ectoderm Development (EED) were initially developmentally delayed, characterised by low blastocyst cell counts and substantial growth delay in mid-gestation embryos. This initial developmental delay was resolved as offspring underwent accelerated fetal development and growth in late gestation resulting in offspring that were similar stage and weight to controls at birth. The accelerated development and growth in offspring from Eed-null oocytes was associated with remodelling of the placenta, which involved an increase in fetal and maternal tissue size, conspicuous expansion of the glycogen enriched cell population and delayed parturition. Despite placental remodelling and accelerated offspring fetal growth and development, placental efficiency and fetal blood glucose levels were low, and the fetal blood metabolome was unchanged. Moreover, while expression of the H3K27me3-imprinted gene and amino acid transporter Slc38a4 was increased, fetal blood levels of individual amino acids were similar to controls, indicating that placental amino acid transport was not enhanced. Genome-wide analyses identified extensive transcriptional dysregulation and DNA methylation changes in affected placentas, including a range of imprinted and non-imprinted genes. Together, while deletion of Eed in growing oocytes resulted in fetal growth and developmental delay and placental hyperplasia, our data indicate a remarkable capacity for offspring fetal growth to be normalised despite inefficient placental function and the loss of H3K27me3-dependent genomic imprinting.

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Loss of Slc38a4 imprinting is a major cause of mouse SCNT placenta hyperplasia at late gestation

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