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Catabolism of strigolactones by a carboxylesterase

ABSTRACT: Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant hormones that control shoot branching and communications between host plants and symbiotic fungi or root parasitic plants. Extensive studies have identified the key components participating in SL biosynthesis and signaling, whereas the catabolism or deactivation of endogenous SLs in planta remains largely unknown. Here we report that the Arabidopsis carboxylesterase 15 (AtCXE15) and its orthologues function as efficient hydrolases of SLs. We show that overexpression of AtCXE15 promotes shoot branching by dampening SL-inhibited axillary bud outgrowth. We further demonstrate that AtCXE15 could bind and efficiently hydrolyze SLs both in vitro and in planta. We also provide evidence that AtCXE15 is capable to catalyze hydrolysis of diverse SL analogues and that such CXE15-dependent catabolism of SLs is evolutionarily conserved in seed plants. These results disclose a catalytic mechanism underlying homeostatic regulation of SLs in plants, which also provides a rational approach to spatial-temporally manipulate the endogenous SLs and thus architecture of crops and ornamental plants.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE176007 | GEO | 2021/08/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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The effect of exogenous strigolactone on gene expression in Arabidopsis seedlings

Project description:Strigolactones (SLs) have recently been found to regulate shoot branching, but the functions of SLs at other stages of development and the regulation of SL-related gene expression are mostly unknown in Arabidopsis. In this study, we performed microarray analysis to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying SL signaling.

2009-12-28 | GSE19661 | GEO

Strigolactone and cytokinin act antagonistically in regulating rice mesocotyl elongation in darkness

Project description:Strigolactones have been defined as a new group of phytohormones that regulate shoot branching. Tthe phenotypes of strigolacton-related rice (Oryza sativa) dwarf (d) mutants demonstrated that SLs inhibit mesocotyl elongation by controlling cell division. Moreover, the trans-zeatin, one of active cytokinins, content of mesocotyls was increased in the SL-deficient d10-1 and SL-insensitive d14-1 mutants. To examine if there are genes related to cytokinin-biosynthesis or -degradation among the strigolactone-responsive genes expressed in the mesocotyl, we carried out microarray analyses using d10-1, d14-1 and the wild-type grown under dark conditions, with or without pretreatment of a synthetic strigolactone analog, GR24.

2013-12-31 | GSE36271 | GEO

Strigolactone and cytokinin act antagonistically in regulating rice mesocotyl elongation in darkness

Project description:Strigolactones have been defined as a new group of phytohormones that regulate shoot branching. The phenotypes of strigolacton-related rice (Oryza sativa) dwarf (d) mutants demonstrated that SLs inhibit mesocotyl elongation by controlling cell division. Moreover, the trans-zeatin, one of active cytokinins, content of mesocotyls was increased in the SL-deficient d10-1 and SL-insensitive d14-1 mutants. To examine if there are genes related to cytokinin-biosynthesis or -degradation among the strigolactone-responsive genes expressed in the mesocotyl, we carried out microarray analyses using d10-1, d14-1 and the wild-type grown under dark conditions, with or without pretreatment of a synthetic strigolactone analog, GR24. Gene expression profiles in 4-day-old mesocotyls of dwarf (d) mutants (d10-1 and d14-1) and wild-type germinated under dark conditions with or without treatment of 1 μM GR24 were analyzed. Three biological replicates were prepared for each conditions, and a total of eighteen samples were analyzed.

2013-12-31 | E-GEOD-36271 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Catabolism of strigolactones by a carboxylesterase

Project description:Catabolism of strigolactones by a carboxylesterase

| PRJNA734575 | ENA

Transcriptome and proteome analyses and the role of atypical calpain protein and autophagy in the spliced leader silencing pathway in Trypanosoma brucei

Project description:Under persistent ER stress, Trypanosoma brucei parasites induce the spliced leader silencing (SLS) pathway. In SLS, transcription of the SL RNA gene, the SL donor to all mRNAs, is extinguished, arresting transsplicing and leading to programmed cell death(PCD). In this study, we investigated the transcriptome following silencing of SEC63, a factor essential for protein translocation across the ER membrane, and whose silencing induces SLS. The proteome of SEC63-silenced cells was analyzed with an emphasis on SLS-specific alterations in protein expression, and modifications that do not directly result from perturbations in trans-splicing. One such protein identified is an atypical calpain SKCRP7.1/7.2. Cosilencing of SKCRP7.1/7.2 and SEC63 eliminated SLS induction due its role in translocating the PK3 kinase. This kinase initiates SLS by migrating to the nucleus and phosphorylating TRF4 leading to shut-off of SL RNA transcription. Thus, SKCRP7.1 is involved in SLS signaling and the accompanying PCD. The role of autophagy in SLS was also investigated; eliminating autophagy through VPS34 or ATG7 silencing demonstrated that autophagy is not essential for SLS induction, but is associated with PCD. Thus, this study identified factors that are used by the parasite to cope with ER stress and to induce SLS and PCD.

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Critical role for very-long chain sphingolipids in invariant natural killer T cell development and homeostasis

Project description:The role of sphingolipids (SLs) in the immune system has come under increasing scrutiny recently due to the emerging contributions that these important membrane components play in regulating a variety of immunological processes. The acyl chain length of SLs appears particularly critical in determining SL function. Here we show a role for very-long acyl chain SLs (VLC-SLs) in invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell maturation in the thymus and homeostasis in the liver. Ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) null mice, which lack VLC-SLs, were susceptible to a hepatotropic strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, which is due to a reduction in the number of iNKT cells. Bone marrow chimera experiments indicated that hematopoietic-derived VLC-SLs are essential for maturation of iNKT cells in the thymus, whereas parenchymal-derived VLC-SLs are crucial for iNKT cell survival and maintenance in the liver. Our findings suggest a critical role for VLC-SL in iNKT cell physiology.

2017-10-15 | GSE104205 | GEO

CerS2 dependent Sphingolipid - protein interactions in rat beta cell line Ins1E

Project description:To define the beta cell Sphingolipid-protein interactome, we performed a chemoproteomic screen in which a chemically modified SL precursor (photoactivatable and clickable sphingosine, pacSph) was fed to cells and rapidly incorporated into de novo synthesized SLs. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation covalently crosslinked cellular SL-protein complexes, allowing for cell lysis under harsh conditions, pulldown and subsequent MS-based identification and quantification of SL interacting proteins. CrispR/Cas9 knockout of the SL specific catabolic enzyme Sgpl1 ensured that only SLs are labelled with pacSph. Furthermore, stable isotope labelling allowed direct comparison of SBPs in several cell lines in the same MS run.

2022-09-22 | PXD029781 | Pride

Next Generation Sequencing of Arabidopsis seedlings upon Mock or GR244DO Transcriptomes

Project description:Purpose: Strigolactones (SLs), a class of carotenoid-derived plant hormones, have fundamental effects on plant development. But only a few SL-responsive genes have been identified. The goal of this study is to identify SL early responsive genes in the model system Arabidopsis thaliana. Methods: The 10-day-old wild-type seedlings were treated with GR244DO or solvent for 2 h or 4 h. The mRNA profiles were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina system Hiseq2000. The sequence reads were analyzed using STAR and R package DESeq. To limit interference of circadian clock and environmental factors, GR244DO treatment at 2 h was compared to solvent treatment control at 2 h as well as the start point of treatment, and genes upregulated at both conditions were considered as up-regulated SL responsive genes at 2 h. The same comparison criteria were applied to identify down-regulated responsive genes at 4 h. qRT-PCR validation was performed using CFX 96 real-time PCR detection system. Results: We identified 99 upregulated and 57 downregulated genes at 2 h treatment, as well as 147 upregulated and 150 downregulated genes at 4 h treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana using the cutoff of fold-change more than 1.5 and P-value less than 0.05.

2020-03-16 | GSE126331 | GEO

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Project description:Carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments vital for photosynthesis. Moreover, they are the precursor of apocarotenoids including the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs), and retrograde signaling molecules and growth regulators (e.g., β-cyclocitral and zaxinone). The apocarotenoid β-ionone (β-I) was previously reported to exert antimicrobial effects, however, at very high millimolar concentrations. Here, we showed that the application of this volatile to Arabidopsis plants at micromolar concentrations caused a global reprogramming of gene expression, affecting thousands of transcripts involved in stress tolerance, growth, hormone metabolism, pathogen defense and photosynthesis. These changes, along with modulating the levels of the phytohormones ABA, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, led to enhanced Arabidopsis resistance to Botrytis cinerea (B.c.); one of the most aggressive and widespread pathogenic fungi affecting numerous plant hosts and causing severe losses of post-harvested fruits. Pre-treatment of tobacco and tomato plants with β-I followed by inoculation with B.c. confirms the conserved effect of β-I in crop plants. Moreover, there was reduced susceptibility to B.c. in LYCOPENE β-CYCLASE-expressing tomato fruits possessing elevated levels of endogenous β-I, indicating beneficial biological activities of this compound in planta. Our work unraveled β-I as a further carotenoid-derived regulatory metabolite and opens up new possibilities to control B.c. infection by establishing this natural volatile as an environmentally friendly bio-fungicide.

2023-09-30 | GSE242932 | GEO

Strigolactones and auxin cooperate to regulate lateral root development in response to nitrate

Project description:In maize, nitrate regulates root development thanks to the coordinated action of many players. In this study, the involvement of SLs and auxin as putative downstream components of the nitrate regulation of lateral root development was investigated. To this aim, the endogenous SL content of maize root in response to nitrate availability was assessed by means of LC-MS/MS and measurements of lateral root density in the presence of analogues or inhibitors of auxin and strigolactones were performed. Furthermore, un untargeted RNA-seq based approach was used to better characterize the participation of auxin and strigolacotones to the transcriptional signature of maize root response to nitrate. Our results suggested that N deprivation toughly induces zealactone and carlactonoic acid biosynthesis in maize root, to a higher extent if compared to P-deprived roots. Moreover, data on lateral root density led to hypothesise the existence of both auxin-dependent and auxin-independent effects of nitrate on LR development. In addition, the inhibition of SL biosynthesis seems to participate to the auxin-dependent induction of LR, but the involvement of further downstream unknown components cannot be ruled out.

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