Integrative mRNA-miRNA interaction analysis associated with the immune response of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus infection
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Oncorhynchus mykiss
PROVIDER: GSE176399 | GEO | 2021/06/09
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the economically important cold-water fish cultivated in the world. The outbreak of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) seriously restricted the development of rainbow trout farming industry and caused huge economic losses. Fish skin is the largest mucosal immune organ, providing the first line of defense against pathogen invasion. However, the immune mechanisms associated with fish skin remain unclear. To systematically identify skin mucosal immune genes induced by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) infection, trout transcriptome profiles following IHNV challenge were examined. Transcriptome analysis identified 6905 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and revealed numerous immune-related DEGs involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, NOD-like receptor signaling, RIG-I-like receptor signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, Chemokine signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway, and the expression of these DEGs was significantly up-regulated in T48Skm group, including NOD1, NLRC3, NLRC5, TLR3, TLR7/8, TRIM25, DHX58, IFIH1, IRF3/7, STAT1, TRAF3, MX1, and HSP90A1. Additionally, highly interactive DEGs network involving immune-related terms and pathways was shown using protein-protein interaction network. The expression patterns of 12 DEGs were further verified by quantitative real-time PCR, which confirmed the reproducibility and reliability of transcriptome sequencing data. These findings expand our understanding of the innate immune system of rainbow trout skin infected with IHNV, and lay a foundation for further studies of the immune molecular mechanism and disease resistance breeding.
2024-03-11 | GSE252328 | GEO
Project description:In May 2015, a high mortality event in farmed rainbow trout occurred in Jeollabuk-do province in Korea. Histopathological analysis revealed necrosis in the kidney, liver, branchial arch, and gills of moribund fish, and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was detected in the lesions by immunohistochemistry. Cytopathic effects were observed in EPC, FHM, and RTG-2 cell lines after inoculation with kidney and spleen tissues and IHNV was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified PCR product was sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis placed IHNV in the JRt Nagano group. Both in vivo and in vitro trials were performed to compare the virulence properties between RtWanju15 isolate, which causes 100% mortality in imported fry, and a previous isolate RtWanju09 of the JRt Shizuoka group isolated from eggs of healthy broodfish. In vivo challenge with high dose on specific pathogen free (SPF) rainbow trout fry performed in Denmark with isolates RtWanju09, RtWanju15 and DF04/99 isolates showed a survival rates of 60%, 37.5% and 52.5% (average), respectively without statistical difference. The replication efficiency of the two isolates in the in vitro challenge was similar.
| S-EPMC10345748 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) can cause widespread death of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), understanding the molecular mechanisms that occur in the rainbow trout in response to IHNV infection will be useful to decrease IHN-related morbidity and mortality in trout aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanisms of rainbow trout in response to IHNV are very limited. This study performed analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs based on RNA-seq technology on the intestine of rainbow trout infected with IHNV and control. There were 80 differentially expressed miRNAs that regulated 3355 target mRNAs, which overlapped with differentially expressed mRNAs obtained from RNA-seq. The expression patterns of DEGs and miRNAs differentially expressed were validated by qRT-PCR. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses of the potential target genes of the DE miRNAs, revealed DEGs were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways such as Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. These findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of IHNV infection. The study analyzed the immune regulatory target gene pairs and signal pathways of rainbow trout intestine against IHNV infection at the transcriptional level, and provided basic data for the study of rainbow trout against IHNV immune regulatory.
2021-06-09 | GSE176398 | GEO
Project description:Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) can cause widespread death of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), understanding the molecular mechanisms that occur in the rainbow trout in response to IHNV infection will be useful to decrease IHN-related morbidity and mortality in trout aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanisms of rainbow trout in response to IHNV are very limited. This study performed analysis of mRNAs and miRNAs based on RNA-seq technology on the intestine of rainbow trout infected with IHNV and control. There were 80 differentially expressed miRNAs that regulated 3355 target mRNAs, which overlapped with differentially expressed mRNAs obtained from RNA-seq. The expression patterns of DEGs and miRNAs differentially expressed were validated by qRT-PCR. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses of the potential target genes of the DE miRNAs, revealed DEGs were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways such as Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. These findings improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of IHNV infection. The study analyzed the immune regulatory target gene pairs and signal pathways of rainbow trout intestine against IHNV infection at the transcriptional level, and provided basic data for the study of rainbow trout against IHNV immune regulatory.
2021-06-09 | GSE176396 | GEO
Project description:Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is an important cold-water fish widely cultivated in China. The frequent occurrence of viral diseases caused by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) seriously restricted the healthy development of the rainbow trout farming industry. However, the immune defense mechanism induced by IHNV in rainbow trout has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we detected mRNA and miRNA expression profiles in rainbow trout head kidney after IHNV infection and the expression patterns of key immune-related genes at different post-infection periods (0-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 48-, 72-, 96-, 120- and 144 hours post-infection (hpi)) using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. The results showed that a total of 7486 genes and 277 miRNAs were differentially expressed, and numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in the immune-related pathways such as Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were significantly up-regulated, including LGP2, MDA5, TRIM25, IRF3, IRF7, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, MYD88, IFN1, MX1 and VIG-1. Integration analysis identified six miRNAs (miR-141-y, miR-200-y, miR-144-y, miR-2188-y, miR-725-y and miR-203-y) that target at least four key immune-related genes (TRIM25, LGP2, TLR3, TLR7, IRF3 and IRF7). Expression analysis showed that TRIM25, MDA5, LGP2, TLR3, TLR7, IRF3, IRF7, IFN1, MX1 and VIG-1 genes increased firstly and then decreased, and reached peak expression at 48 hpi. These findings improve our understanding of the immune mechanism of rainbow trout infected with IHNV, and provide a basic data for future breeding for disease resistance in rainbow trout.
2022-11-29 | GSE218752 | GEO
Project description:Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is an important cold-water fish widely cultivated in China. The frequent occurrence of viral diseases caused by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) seriously restricted the healthy development of the rainbow trout farming industry. However, the immune defense mechanism induced by IHNV in rainbow trout has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we detected mRNA and miRNA expression profiles in rainbow trout head kidney after IHNV infection and the expression patterns of key immune-related genes at different post-infection periods (0-, 6-, 12-, 24-, 48-, 72-, 96-, 120- and 144 hours post-infection (hpi)) using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR. The results showed that a total of 7486 genes and 277 miRNAs were differentially expressed, and numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in the immune-related pathways such as Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were significantly up-regulated, including LGP2, MDA5, TRIM25, IRF3, IRF7, TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, MYD88, IFN1, MX1 and VIG-1. Integration analysis identified six miRNAs (miR-141-y, miR-200-y, miR-144-y, miR-2188-y, miR-725-y and miR-203-y) that target at least four key immune-related genes (TRIM25, LGP2, TLR3, TLR7, IRF3 and IRF7). Expression analysis showed that TRIM25, MDA5, LGP2, TLR3, TLR7, IRF3, IRF7, IFN1, MX1 and VIG-1 genes increased firstly and then decreased, and reached peak expression at 48 hpi. These findings improve our understanding of the immune mechanism of rainbow trout infected with IHNV, and provide a basic data for future breeding for disease resistance in rainbow trout.
2022-11-28 | GSE218831 | GEO
Project description:Fragments of the glycoprotein genes of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) were cloned into a bacterial broad-host-range expression vector under the control of the plac promoter. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with monoclonal antibodies specific to the glycoproteins demonstrated the inducible expression of the fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. Aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish. It was confirmed that an avirulent strain of A. salmonicida, A440, which contains a deletion in the structural gene for the paracrystalline surface protein array, will provide protective immunity against furunculosis when used as a live attenuated vaccine. The plasmid-encoded viral epitopes were then mobilized into A440 for use as a shuttle system for the expression of fragments of the glycoprotein genes of IHNV and VHSV. Vaccination of rainbow trout with A440 containing the viral epitopes resulted in the development of protective immunity against both VHSV and IHNV. This indicates that the use of cloned fragments of the glycoproteins and the use of A. salmonicida as a shuttle system constitute a feasible approach to fish vaccine development.
| S-EPMC167655 | biostudies-other
Project description:Infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) are the most common viral diseases of salmon in aquaculture worldwide. The co-infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with IHN virus (IHNV) and IPN virus (IPNV) is known to occur. To determine the influence of IPNV on IHNV in co-infection, rainbow trout were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with IPNV at different time intervals prior to, simultaneously to, or after IHNV infection. The replication of IHNV in the brain, gill, heart, liver, spleen, and head kidney was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that when rainbow trout were i.p. injected with IPNV prior to, simultaneously to, or after IHNV on 2 day (d), IHNV replication was inhibited (p < 0.05) in all collected tissues. Nevertheless, when rainbow trout were i.p. injected with IPNV after IHNV on 7 d (H7P), IHNV replication was only inhibited (p < 0.05) in the liver 14 d post-IHNV infection. Moreover, stronger antiviral responses occurred in all challenge groups. Our results suggest that IPNV can inhibit IHNV replication before or simultaneously with IHNV infection, and induce a stronger antiviral response, and that this inhibition is most sensitive in the liver. Early i.p. injection of IPNV can significantly reduce the mortality of rainbow trout, compared with the group only injected with IHNV.
| S-EPMC9414607 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Previous inactivated vaccines against infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) usually had a strong early immune protective effect but failed to provide long-term protection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). To find a method for stabilizing the desired protective effect of IHN vaccines, we assessed the immune enhancement effect of four adjuvants on formaldehyde inactivated vaccine for IHN at 60 days postvaccination (dpv). The efficacy of a two-dose vaccination with the candidate adjuvant-formaldehyde inactivated vaccine for IHN was evaluated in terms of early protection and long-term protection (30 to 285 dpv). Neutralizing antibody titers were also measured at each time point. The Montanide GEL 02 PR (Gel 02) adjuvant significantly enhanced the immune protection provided by the IHN inactivated vaccine, whereas the immune-boosting effect of the other tested adjuvants lacked statistical significance. Both tested Gel 02-adjuvanted IHN inactivated vaccine dosages had a strong immune protection effect within 2 months postvaccination, with a relative percent of survival (RPS) of 89.01% to 100%, and the higher dosage provided complete protection at 204 dpv and a RPS of 60.79% on 285 dpv by reducing viral titers in rainbow trout. The neutralizing antibodies were observed only in vaccinated fish on 30 and 60 dpv. Through compatibility with an appropriate adjuvant, the highly immune protective effect of an IHN inactivated vaccine was prolonged from 60 dpv to at least 284 dpv; this novel adjuvant-IHN inactivated vaccine has promise as a commercial vaccine that provides the best available and longest duration of protection against IHN to rainbow trout. IMPORTANCE Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is one of the most serious pathogens threatening the global salmon and trout industry. However, there is currently only one commercialized infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) vaccine, and it is inadequate for solving the global IHN problem. In this study, a promising adjuvanted inactivated vaccine with long-term protection was developed and comprehensively studied. We confirmed the presence of a late antiviral response stage in vaccinated rainbow trout that lacked detectable neutralizing antibodies, which are commonly recognized to be responsible for long-term specific protection in mammals. These findings further our understanding of unique features of fish immune systems and could lead to improved prevention and control of fish diseases.
| S-EPMC9769665 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Here, RNA-seq technology was used for comparative transcriptome analysis of spleens of rainbow trout 48 hours after IHNV infection. A total of 9144 significantly differentially expressed genes (FDR<0.05 and |log2FC|>1) were obtained, of which 3274 genes were up-regulated and 5870 genes were down-regulated. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed the existence of pathways directly related to the innate immune response, such as Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. Responses to the virus were observed to activate pathogen recognition receptor-related genes containing TLR2, TLR3, TLR5S, NOD2, LGP2, JAKS, and trigger downstream interferon (IFN) responses, and IFNA was significantly up-regulated. Also, the host response to this virus is largely driven by the interferon regulatory factor IRF (IRF3/7). In this data, JNK, SOS, was also found to be strongly down-regulated with IHNV at 48 hpi. The differential expression of these transcripts may be related to host resistance to pathogen invasion as well as viral replication. The results of this study improve our understanding of innate immune responses and host-pathogen interactions in rainbow trout infected with IHNV to further investigate the detailed antiviral mechanisms.
2021-05-12 | GSE174274 | GEO