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Multiple de novo copy number variant (MdnCNV) driven mirror traits and blended phenotype

ABSTRACT: Purpose: To determine the genetic variation underlying phenotypic trait manifestation in a Multiple de novo copy number variant (MdnCNV) case. Method: Clinical microarray identified a previously unreported MdnCNV proband. Short and long-read genomic sequencing, SV analyses, and visualization tools for merged datasets were implemented to characterize MdnCNV mutagenesis. Human phenotype ontology based quantitative analyses identified gene(s) driving proband phenotype.Results: Eight dnCNVs of average length ~1 Mb were mapped in the MdnCNV proband. Sequence microhomology/microhomeology was present at 6/8 breakpoint junctions. dnSNVs (6/79) and de novo indels (1/12) are enriched within 4 Mb of the dnCNV regions. Of the duplication encompassed genes, NSD1 and SMARCC2 had the highest phenotypic match to the proband. Conclusion: Biparental origin of constitutive dnCNVs (4:4) supports an early perizygotic mutagenesis event as the cause of genome-wide hypermutation. Microhomology/microhomeology and regional hypermutation supports microhomology-mediated break-induced replication as the process underlying MdnCNV formation. The family reported here, together with published NSD1 variation associated cases further define NSD1 as a triplosensitivity locus that exhibits mirror quantitative traits from those associated with its haploinsufficiency. Quantitative phenotype analysis identified NSD1 and SMARCC2 as contributors to a blended phenotype.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE176427 | GEO | 2021/06/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Nuclear receptor-binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1) prototype is a family of mammalian histone methyltransferases (NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, NSD3/WHSC1L1) that are essential in development and are mutated in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), overgrowth syndromes, multiple myeloma and lung cancers. In AML, the recurring t(5;11)(q35;p15.5) translocation fuses NSD1 to nucleoporin-98 (NUP98). Here, we present the first characterization of the transforming properties and molecular mechanisms of NUP98-NSD1. We demonstrate that NUP98-NSD1 induces AML in vivo, sustains self-renewal of myeloid stem cells in vitro, and enforces expression of the HoxA7, HoxA9, HoxA10 and Meis1 proto-oncogenes. Mechanistically, NUP98-NSD1 binds genomic elements adjacent to HoxA7 and HoxA9, maintains histone H3 Lys 36 (H3K36) methylation and histone acetylation, and prevents EZH2-mediated transcriptional repression of the Hox-A locus during differentiation. Deletion of the NUP98 FG-repeat domain, or mutations in NSD1 that inactivate the H3K36 methyltransferase activity or that prevent binding of NUP98-NSD1 to the Hox-A locus precluded both Hox-A gene activation and myeloid progenitor immortalization. We propose that NUP98-NSD1 prevents EZH2-mediated repression of Hox-A locus genes by colocalizing H3K36 methylation and histone acetylation at regulatory DNA elements. This report is the first to link deregulated H3K36 methylation to tumorigenesis and to link NSD1 to transcriptional regulation of the Hox-A locus. Experiment Overall Design: Total RNA was extracted from stably transformed progenitors cultured in vitro and the expression levels of mRNA transcripts quantified using the Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Genome 430 2.0 array, as previously described. The GEO database accession numbers: for progenitors immortalized by HoxA9 (GSM190542, GSM190546, GSM190547); for progenitors immortalized by coexpressed HoxA9 plus Meis1 (GSM190548, GSM190549, GSM190550); for progenitors immortalized by NUP98-NSD1 (GSM190551, GSM190552, GSM190553); and for progenitors immortalized by MLL-ENL (GSM190554). Experiment Overall Design: NOTE: CEL files and dChip data were requested by GEO but not provided.

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Multiple de novo copy number variant (MdnCNV) driven mirror traits and blended phenotype

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