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Indolic metabolites are required for antifungal defense of the Arabidopsis mlo2 mutant

ABSTRACT: Arabidopsis thaliana genes MLO2 (Mildew resistance locus-O 2), MLO6 and MLO12 exhibit unequal genetic redundancy with respect to the modulation of defense responses against powdery mildew fungi and the control of developmental phenotypes such as premature leaf decay. We show that early chlorosis and necrosis of rosette leaves in mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 mutants reflects an authentic but untimely leaf senescence program. Comparative transcriptional profiling revealed that transcripts of several genes encoding tryptophan/indole biosynthetic enzymes hyper-accumulate during vegetative development in the mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 mutant. Elevated expression levels of these genes correlate with altered steady-state levels of several indolic metabolites, including the phytoalexin camalexin and indolic glucosinolates, during development in the mlo2 single and the mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 triple mutant. Results of genetic epistasis analysis suggest a decisive role for indolic metabolites in mlo2-conditioned antifungal defense against both biotrophic powdery mildews and a camalexin-sensitive strain of the necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. The wound- and pathogen-responsive callose synthase Powdery mildew resistance 4/Glucan-synthase-like 5 (PMR4/GSL5) was found to be responsible for the spontaneous callose deposits in mlo2 mutant plants but dispensable for mlo2-conditioned penetration resistance. Our data strengthen the notion that powdery mildew resistance of mlo2 genotypes is based on the same defense execution machinery as innate antifungal immune responses that restrict invasion of non-adapted fungal pathogens.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE17875 | GEO | 2010/01/04

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA119991

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Indolic metabolites are required for antifungal defense of the Arabidopsis mlo2 mutant

Project description:Arabidopsis thaliana genes MLO2 (Mildew resistance locus-O 2), MLO6 and MLO12 exhibit unequal genetic redundancy with respect to the modulation of defense responses against powdery mildew fungi and the control of developmental phenotypes such as premature leaf decay. We show that early chlorosis and necrosis of rosette leaves in mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 mutants reflects an authentic but untimely leaf senescence program. Comparative transcriptional profiling revealed that transcripts of several genes encoding tryptophan/indole biosynthetic enzymes hyper-accumulate during vegetative development in the mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 mutant. Elevated expression levels of these genes correlate with altered steady-state levels of several indolic metabolites, including the phytoalexin camalexin and indolic glucosinolates, during development in the mlo2 single and the mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 triple mutant. Results of genetic epistasis analysis suggest a decisive role for indolic metabolites in mlo2-conditioned antifungal defense against both biotrophic powdery mildews and a camalexin-sensitive strain of the necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. The wound- and pathogen-responsive callose synthase Powdery mildew resistance 4/Glucan-synthase-like 5 (PMR4/GSL5) was found to be responsible for the spontaneous callose deposits in mlo2 mutant plants but dispensable for mlo2-conditioned penetration resistance. Our data strengthen the notion that powdery mildew resistance of mlo2 genotypes is based on the same defense execution machinery as innate antifungal immune responses that restrict invasion of non-adapted fungal pathogens. Mature rosette leaves from WT and mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 triple mutant plants were harvested at 5, 6 and 7 weeks after sowing. 6 arrays.

2010-01-03 | E-GEOD-17875 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription profiling of Arabidopsis callose synthase deficient (pmr4-1) mutant and wild type plants infected with powdery mildew

Project description:There were two genotypes:,(1) Columbia-0, wild-type (C),(2) pmr4-1 mutant (P), callose synthase deficient mutant (Vogel and Somerville (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 97: 1897).,There were two treatments:,(1) uninoculated (U),(2) 3 days after inoculation with the powdery mildew pathogen, Erysiphe cichoracearum, race UCSC (I).,There were four biological replicates, labeled 1, 2, 3 or 4.,Examples of the sample labels are:,CU1 = Columbia-0, uninoculated, replicate 1,CI2 = Columbia-0, 3 days after inoculation with powdery mildew, replicate 2,PU3 = pmr4-1, uninoculated, replicate 3,PI4 = pmr4-1, 3 days after inoculation with powdery mildew, replicate 4.,In total, there were 16 Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChips (2 genotypes x 2 treatments x 4 biological replicates).

2007-07-13 | E-GEOD-431 | biostudies-arrayexpress

pmr4 vs. wild-type (May, 2003)

Project description:There were two genotypes: (1) Columbia-0, wild-type (C) (2) pmr4-1 mutant (P), callose synthase deficient mutant (Vogel and Somerville (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 97: 1897). There were two treatments: (1) uninoculated (U) (2) 3 days after inoculation with the powdery mildew pathogen, Erysiphe cichoracearum, race UCSC (I). There were four biological replicates, labeled 1, 2, 3 or 4. Examples of the sample labels are: CU1 = Columbia-0, uninoculated, replicate 1 CI2 = Columbia-0, 3 days after inoculation with powdery mildew, replicate 2 PU3 = pmr4-1, uninoculated, replicate 3 PI4 = pmr4-1, 3 days after inoculation with powdery mildew, replicate 4. In total, there were 16 Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChips (2 genotypes x 2 treatments x 4 biological replicates). Keywords: repeat sample

2003-08-15 | GSE431 | GEO

Transcriptomic comparison between the powdery mildew resistant and susceptible progenies of distant hybridization between Brassica carinata and Brassica napus

Project description:Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum, is an epidemic of oil rapeseed (Brassica napus) growing worldwide, but resistant germplasm is rare in this species. We obtained the hybrid seeds of distant hybridization between powdery-mildew-immune Brassica carinata cultivar ‘White flower’ and susceptible B. napus cultivar ‘Zhongshuang11’. Five lines in the BC1F3 generation (F3 after backcross to 'Zhongshuang11') were identified to be resistant or moderately resistant. In order to identify the important biological responses to powdery mildew, the foliar transcriptomes of the resistant and susceptible plants in these progenies after powdery mildew inoculation were compared by using Illumina RNA-seq. We identified 10,454 differential expression genes (DEGs) and 1050 genes out of them are related to disease resistance. There were 271 DEGs in Group Resistance expressed at least two fold higher than in group S, while 779 DGEs expressed two fold lower. The genes highly expressed in Group Resistance are those encoding the proteins: (1) related to wax, chloroplast and cell wall metabolism, such as KCS6, CSP41B, RWA, callose synthetase 3, pectinase 9, fructosidase 2, 9s-lipoxygenase LOX2, etc.; (2) kinases including RKL, ERECTA, BAK1, BAM2, LysM receptor like kinase, and lipid transfer protein kinase ERl1 and ERl2; (3) broad spectrum powdery mildew resistance proteins RPW8, calmodulin MLO2, PMR5, MLP328, EDR2, RPS4 and RPS6, etc. In group susceptible, pectinesterase, cytochrome CYP81f2, LOX1, cysteine rich receptor protein kinases and serine / threonine protein kinases such as MEKK, RLK6, CRK45, APK1, BRl3, WAK1, WAK10, etc., and TIR-NB-LRR receptor like proteins R1M1, DSC1, DSC2 and pathogenesis-related protein PR-1 etc. were the most activated genes. The results provide the preliminarily knowledge about molecular mechanism in rapeseed defense response to powdery mildew.

2021-11-11 | GSE188377 | GEO

comparison of powdery mildew-induced gene expression between Col-0 and the edr1 mutant

Project description:The edr1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana displays enhanced resistance to the powdery mildew Golovinomyces cichoracearum, resulting in cell death and an absence of visible disease symptoms. To better characterize and understand the defense response of edr1, a time course of early signaling responses was performed after inoculation with powdery mildew and compared to the responses of wild-type Col-0. These time points represent early stages in the infection process, before any signs of susceptibility or resistance are visible.

2011-01-19 | GSE26679 | GEO

Comparison of powdery mildew-induced gene expression between wild type (Col-0) and the edr1 mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana

2011-01-19 | E-GEOD-26679 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data in wheat (T. aestivum L.) near isogenic lines in response to powdery mildew infection

2011-02-15 | GSE27320 | GEO

Expression data in wheat (T. aestivum L.) near isogenic lines in response to powdery mildew infection

Project description:We used two wheat genotypes, the susceptible wheat cultivar ‘8866 ’(S) and its near isogenic line with single powdery mildew resistance gene ‘pm30’ (R), to investigate gene expression changes in response to powdery mildew infection by using Wheat Genome Array wheat young leveas of near isogenic lines before or 12 hours after powdery mildew infection were selected for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.The leaf samples were harvested from three independent biological replicates, and the leaves without inoculation were regarded as control.

2011-02-15 | E-GEOD-27320 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression profiles in Arabidopsis plants during the treatment of AgNO3.

Project description:Camalexin, an indolic secondary metabolite, is the magor phytoalexin produced by Arabidopsis thaliana. Camalexin biosynthesis is induced by abiotic stresses such as heavy metal treatment (e.g AgNO3). With the aim of identifying positive regulators of camalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, we listed putative transcription factor genes strongly induced during the time course of AgNO3 treatment from a transcriptome analysis.

2011-12-22 | GSE34606 | GEO

A comparative transcriptome and chromatin modification analysis provides a resource for characterizing the regulatory roles of epigenetic modifications in hulless barley resistance response to powdery mildew

Project description:We generated ChIP-Seq data for two barley accessions with different resistance to powdery mildew. These data allowed us to explore the roles of epigenetic modifications in resistance response to powdery mildew at the first time. Our study opens the way for establishing the relationship between epigenetics and disease response in barley, and should inform future functional characterization of the regarding molecular basis. These data should also help researchers to exploit disease response-related genes for breeding application.

2021-11-14 | GSE122539 | GEO

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