Endothelial-immune crosstalk contributes to vasculopathy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE179886 | GEO | 2022/04/11
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Cardiovascular complications are major causes of death in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but the underlying endothelial pathophysiology remains understudied. Here, we cultivated blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) from NAFLD patients and healthy controls. Our transcriptomic analysis revealed that NAFLD BOECs were activated with chemokine hallmarks, in particular, enhanced CXCL12 was confirmed in arterial tissues of mouse NAFLD models. Immunoprofiling by single-cell analysis further uncovered T cell intensification and potentially T-helper type 1 inflammatory reactions in NAFLD. In evaluating CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in chemotaxis, CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100) substantially modulated the migration of CD4+ T cells, natural killer cells and monocytes towards NAFLD BOECs, which was not observed in healthy control coculture. We found that NAFLD and healthy BOECs might preferentially recruit distinct subsets of immune cells, as a result of unique chemokine ligand-receptor interactions. Finally, we enumerated two folds more circulating endothelial cells, a biomarker of vascular injury, in NAFLD patients than healthy subjects. Our work provides insights for modulation of endothelial-immune crosstalk as an avenue for mitigating endothelial dysfunction in NAFLD.
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Project description:The chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 play important roles in signaling and migration of T-cells, but little is known about the transcriptional events involved in CXCL12-mediated T-cell migration. In this study we performed microarray analysis on CXCL12- treated T-cells, and found that the Wnt family of proteins was significantly upregulated during CXCL12 treatment. Confirmation of these results by real-time PCR and Western analysis indicated that the non-canonical Wnt pathway was specifically upregulated during CXCL12 treatment. In vitro and in vivo knockdown studies confirm that b-catenin (the key mediator of canonical Wnt signaling) is not involved in the CXCL12-mediated migration of T-cells. However, Wnt5A, a non-canonical Wnt protein, increases signaling through the CXCL12/ CXCR4 axis via Protein Kinase C (PKC). Our results demonstrated that CXCL12 required Wnt5A to mediate T-cell migration, and the treatment of T-cells with recombinant Wnt5A sensitized T-cells to CXCL12 induced migration. Additionally, Wnt5A expression was required for the sustained expression of CXCR4, both transcriptionally and translationally. These results could be translated in vivo, using EL4 thymoma metastasis as a model of T-cell migration. Taken together our data indicate, for the first time, that Wnt5A is a critical mediator of the CXCL12/ CXCR4 signaling axis. Keywords: Wnt5A, CXCL12, CXCL12, CXCR4, T-cell Migration
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Project description:Antigen-specific CD8+ T cell accumulation in tumors is a prerequisite for effective immunotherapy, and yet, the mechanisms of lymphocyte transit remain poorly defined. We find that tumor-associated lymphatic vessels control T cell exit from tumors via the chemokine CXCL12, and intratumoral antigen encounter tunes CXCR4 expression on effector CD8+ T cells. Only high affinity antigen downregulates CXCR4 and upregulates the CXCL12 decoy receptor, ACKR3, thereby reducing CXCL12 sensitivity and promoting T cell retention. A diverse repertoire of functional tumor-specific CD8+ T cells exit the tumor, thereby limiting tumor control. CXCR4 inhibition and loss of lymphatic-specific CXCL12 boosts T cell retention and enhances tumor control. Strategies that limit T cell egress, therefore, provide a new tool to boost the response to immunotherapy.
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2022-08-24 | PXD036167 | Pride
Project description:Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) has one of the poorest prognoses among gastrointestinal cancers because of rapid development of treatment resistance, which renders chemotherapy and radiotherapy no longer effective. As the mechanism by which PaCa becomes resistant to radiotherapy is unknown, we established radiation-resistant PaCa cell lines to investigate the factors involved in radiation resistance. We investigated the role of the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)/ C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis in radiation resistance in PaCa and the effect of a CXCR4 antagonist on radiation-resistant PaCa cell lines. As confirmed by immunofluorescence staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting, the expression of CXCR4 was higher in the radiation-resistant PaCa cell lines than in normal PaCa cell lines. The invasion ability of radiation-resistant PaCa cell lines was greater than that of normal cell lines and was enhanced by CXCL12 treatment and co-culture with fibroblasts; this enhanced invasion ability was suppressed by the CXCR4 antagonist AMD070. Irradiation after treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist suppressed the colonization of radiation-resistant PaCa cell lines. In conclusion, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis may be involved in the radiation resistance of PaCa. We believe this result will help develop treatments for PaCa.
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