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Project description:IntroductionThe obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide. While the host response to infection by this pathogen has been well characterized, it remains unclear to what extent host gene expression during infection is the product of Chlamydia-directed modulation of host transcription factors.MethodsTo identify transcription factors potentially modulated by Chlamydia during infection, we infected immortalized endocervical epithelial cells (End1/E6E7) with the anogenital C. trachomatis serovar L2, harvesting polyadenylated RNA for bulk RNA-sequencing. Subsequent experiments elucidating the mechanism of infection-mediated YAP activation assayed YAP target gene expression via qRT-PCR, YAP nuclear translocation via quantitative immunofluorescence, and YAP phosphorylation via Western blotting.ResultsRNA sequencing of Chlamydia-infected endocervical epithelial cells revealed gene expression consistent with activity of YAP, a transcriptional coactivator implicated in cell proliferation, wound healing, and fibrosis. After confirming induction of YAP target genes during infection, we observed an infection-dependent increase in YAP nuclear translocation sensitive to inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis. While Hippo-mediated phosphoinhibition of YAP at S127 was unaffected by C. trachomatis infection, Hippo-independent phosphorylation at Y357 was increased. Infection did not enhance nuclear translocation of Y357F mutant YAP, illustrating a requirement for phosphorylation at this residue. Pharmacological inhibition of host Src-family kinase activity attenuated YAP Y357 phosphorylation, but not nuclear translocation - which was instead sensitive to inhibition of Abl.DiscussionOur results define a transcriptome-altering mechanism of pathogen-directed YAP activation that bypasses canonical inhibition by the Hippo kinase cascade, with a potential link to chlamydial fibrosis and other advanced disease sequelae. Additional study is required to determine the specific role of infection-associated Y357 phosphorylation and Abl activity in chlamydial induction of YAP.
| S-EPMC10008951 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide. While the host response to infection by this pathogen has been well characterized, it remains unclear to what extent host gene expression during infection is the product of Chlamydia-directed modulation of host transcription factors. In this report, we show the transcriptome of Chlamydia-infected epithelial cells exhibits gene expression consistent with activity of YAP, a transcriptional coactivator implicated in cell proliferation, wound healing, and fibrosis. After confirming induction of YAP target genes during infection, we observed increased YAP nuclear translocation in Chlamydia-infected epithelial cells. We further show that increased YAP activation is a Chlamydia-directed process, requiring de novo protein synthesis during midcycle infection. Surprisingly, infection-mediated YAP activation bypasses YAP inhibition by the Hippo kinase cascade, with phosphorylation at S127 remaining unchanged. Instead, phosphorylation at Y357 was increased along with nuclear translocation, indicating that infection overrides phospho-inhibition at S127. Nuclear translocation of Y357F mutant YAP was not increased by infection, demonstrating that chlamydial YAP activation requires phosphorylation at this residue. Taken together, our results define a transcriptome-altering mechanism potentially linked to chlamydial fibrosis and other advanced disease sequelae.
2023-02-13 | GSE198272 | GEO
Project description:The obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide. While the host response to infection by this pathogen has been well characterized, it remains unclear to what extent host gene expression during infection is the product of Chlamydia-directed modulation of host transcription factors. In this report, we show the transcriptome of Chlamydia-infected epithelial cells exhibits gene expression consistent with activity of YAP, a transcriptional coactivator implicated in cell proliferation, wound healing, and fibrosis. After confirming induction of YAP target genes during infection, we observed increased YAP nuclear translocation in Chlamydia-infected epithelial cells. We further show that increased YAP activation is a Chlamydia-directed process, requiring de novo protein synthesis during midcycle infection. Surprisingly, infection-mediated YAP activation bypasses YAP inhibition by the Hippo kinase cascade, with phosphorylation at S127 remaining unchanged. Instead, phosphorylation at Y357 was increased along with nuclear translocation, indicating that infection overrides phospho-inhibition at S127. Nuclear translocation of Y357F mutant YAP was not increased by infection, demonstrating that chlamydial YAP activation requires phosphorylation at this residue. Taken together, our results define a transcriptome-altering mechanism potentially linked to chlamydial fibrosis and other advanced disease sequelae.
2023-02-13 | GSE180783 | GEO
Project description:The obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide. While the host response to infection by this pathogen has been well characterized, it remains unclear to what extent host gene expression during infection is the product of Chlamydia-directed modulation of host transcription factors. In this report, we show the transcriptome of Chlamydia-infected epithelial cells exhibits gene expression consistent with activity of YAP, a transcriptional coactivator implicated in cell proliferation, wound healing, and fibrosis. After confirming induction of YAP target genes during infection, we observed increased YAP nuclear translocation in Chlamydia-infected epithelial cells. We further show that increased YAP activation is a Chlamydia-directed process, requiring de novo protein synthesis during midcycle infection. Surprisingly, infection-mediated YAP activation bypasses YAP inhibition by the Hippo kinase cascade, with phosphorylation at S127 remaining unchanged. Instead, phosphorylation at Y357 was increased along with nuclear translocation, indicating that infection overrides phospho-inhibition at S127. Nuclear translocation of Y357F mutant YAP was not increased by infection, demonstrating that chlamydial YAP activation requires phosphorylation at this residue. Taken together, our results define a transcriptome-altering mechanism potentially linked to chlamydial fibrosis and other advanced disease sequelae.
2023-02-13 | GSE180782 | GEO
Project description:Chlamydia trachomatis induces the transcriptional activity of host YAP in a Hippo-independent fashion
| PRJNA749563 | ENA
Project description:Chlamydia trachomatis induces the transcriptional activity of host YAP in a Hippo-independent fashion
| PRJNA814309 | ENA
Project description:Chlamydia trachomatis induces the transcriptional activity of host YAP in a Hippo-independent fashion
| PRJNA749561 | ENA
Project description:Chlamydia trachomatis induces the transcriptional activity of host YAP in a Hippo-independent fashion
| PRJNA749562 | ENA
Project description:Chlamydia trachomatis injects bacterial effector proteins into human epithelial cells to facilitate the establishment of new infections. The chlamydial type III secreted effector translocated actin recruiting phosphoprotein (Tarp) has been shown to nucleate and bundle actin filaments. It is also believed to initiate new signaling pathways via an N-terminal phosphorylation domain. A comprehensive understanding of the host pathways that are controlled by Tarp to aid in the establishment of a successful infection remains incomplete. To gain further insight into the cell signaling regulated by Tarp, we generated transgenic fruit flies engineered to express the N-terminal domain of Tarp. As many signaling pathways are conserved between flies and mammals, we hypothesized that expression of the Tarp N-domain in the fruit fly might disrupt key pathways, resulting in developmental defects. Tarp N-domain expression in the fruit fly resulted in a mechanosensory bristle duplication phenotype similar to a previously characterized fly phenotype found to be a consequence of defects in the Hippo pathway. Tarp-dependent disruption of the Hippo pathway was confirmed in a C. trachomatis tissue culture infection model. The capability of Tarp to alter Hippo pathway signaling in infected epithelial cells is a previously unrecognized pathway commandeered by chlamydia and likely contributes to the establishment of chlamydia's intracellular niche.
| S-EPMC8206025 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chlamydia trachomatis is a strict intracellular bacterium that causes sexually transmitted infections and eye infections that can lead to life-long sequelae. Treatment options are limited to broad-spectrum antibiotics that disturb the commensal flora and contribute to selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Hence, development of novel drugs that specifically target C. trachomatis would be beneficial. 2-pyridone amides are potent and specific inhibitors of Chlamydia infectivity. The first generation compound KSK120, inhibits the developmental cycle of Chlamydia resulting in reduced infectivity of progeny bacteria. Here, we show that the improved, highly potent second-generation 2-pyridone amide KSK213 allowed normal growth and development of C. trachomatis and the effect was only observable upon re-infection of new cells. Progeny elementary bodies (EBs) produced in the presence of KSK213 were unable to activate transcription of essential genes in early development and did not differentiate into the replicative form, the reticulate body (RB). The effect was specific to C. trachomatis since KSK213 was inactive in the closely related animal pathogen C. muridarum and in C. caviae The molecular target of KSK213 may thus be different in C. trachomatis or non-essential in C. muridarum and C. caviae Resistance to KSK213 was mediated by a combination of amino acid substitutions in both DEAD/DEAH RNA helicase and RNAse III, which may indicate inhibition of the transcriptional machinery as the mode of action. 2-pyridone amides provide a novel antibacterial strategy and starting points for development of highly specific drugs for C. trachomatis infections.
| S-EPMC8092867 | biostudies-literature