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Three distinct Atoh1 enhancers cooperate for sound receptor hair cell development [CUT&RUN]

ABSTRACT: Cochlear hair cells (HCs) in the inner ear are responsible for sound detection. For HC fate specification, the master transcription factor Atoh1 is both necessary and sufficient. Atoh1 expression is dynamic and tightly regulated during development, but the cis-regulatory elements mediating this regulation remain unresolved. Unexpectedly, we found that deleting the only recognized Atoh1 enhancer, defined here as Eh1, failed to impair HC development. By using ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing), we discovered two additional Atoh1 enhancers: Eh2 and Eh3. Notably, Eh2 deletion was sufficient for impairing HC development, and concurrent deletion of Eh1 and Eh2 or all three enhancers resulted in nearly complete absence of HCs. Lastly, we showed that Atoh1 binds to all three enhancers, consistent with its autoregulatory function. Our findings reveal that the cooperative action of three distinct enhancers underpins effective Atoh1 regulation during HC development, indicating potential therapeutic approaches for HC regeneration.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE181307 | GEO | 2022/07/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Three distinct Atoh1 enhancers cooperate for sound receptor hair cell development [ATAC-seq]

Project description:Cochlear hair cells (HCs) in the inner ear are responsible for sound detection. For HC fate specification, the master transcription factor Atoh1 is both necessary and sufficient. Atoh1 expression is dynamic and tightly regulated during development, but the cis-regulatory elements mediating this regulation remain unresolved. Unexpectedly, we found that deleting the only recognized Atoh1 enhancer, defined here as Eh1, failed to impair HC development. By using ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing), we discovered two additional Atoh1 enhancers: Eh2 and Eh3. Notably, Eh2 deletion was sufficient for impairing HC development, and concurrent deletion of Eh1 and Eh2 or all three enhancers resulted in nearly complete absence of HCs. Lastly, we showed that Atoh1 binds to all three enhancers, consistent with its autoregulatory function. Our findings reveal that the cooperative action of three distinct enhancers underpins effective Atoh1 regulation during HC development, indicating potential therapeutic approaches for HC regeneration.

2022-07-22 | GSE181310 | GEO

Transcriptome-wide comparison of the impact of Atoh1 and miR-183 family on pluripotent stem cells and multipotent otic progenitors

Project description:Hair cells (HCs) are the mechanoreceptors responsible for hearing and balance in the inner ear. Multiple factors cause HC loss including aging, noise exposure and genetic predisposition. A barrier to hearing restoration after HC loss is the inability of mammalian auditory HCs to spontaneously regenerate. Multiple factors are shown to be crucial for HC development and represent good candidates for regenerative studies. Atoh1 is widely accepted to be necessary and contextually sufficient for driving HC fate. Furthermore, the miRNA-183 family is known to be expressed at the time of HC differentiation, and mutations in miR-96 (one member of the family) can cause deafness both in mouse and human. Our goal is to identify and compare the impact of Atoh1/miR-183 family alone and in combination on the transcriptome of two different developmental cell models; mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and immortalized multipotent otic progenitors (iMOPs)

2017-07-01 | GSE81667 | GEO

Breaking the Atoh1 autoregulatory loop in hair cells: the repression of Atoh1 by Neurogenin1 during ear development

Project description:The functional unit of the inner ear consists of hair cells (HCs) and neurons in the inner ear. Both genes are induced early in development, but Atoh1 expression is counteracted by Neurog1. As a result, HC development is prevented during neurogenesis. This work aimed at understanding the molecular basis of this interaction. Atoh1 regulation depends on a 3’Atoh1-enhancer that is the site for Atoh1 autoregulation. This enhancer recapitulates Atoh1 expression in the embryo and contains putative binding sites for several transcription factors, including basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factors like Atoh1, Neurog1 and Hes/Hey repressors. Reporter assays on chick embryos and P19 cells show that Neurog1 hampers the autoactivation of Atoh1, the effect being cell autonomous and independent on Notch activity. ATAC-seq analysis shows that the region B of the 3’Atoh1-enhancer is accessible during development and sufficient for both activation and repression. Neurog1 requires the regions flanking the class A E-box bound by Atoh1 to show its repressor effect. However, Neurog1 does not require binding to DNA for Atoh1 repression and prevention of HC formation, but the dimerization domains Helix-1 and Helix-2. The repression of Atoh1 by Neurog1 does not involve the direct interaction between Atoh1 and Neurog1, but rather an indirect effect on the levels of Atoh1 protein. The results suggest that Neurog1 induces the acceleration of Atoh1 mRNA degradation and the consequent reduction of protein levels. Such a mechanism dissociates the prevention of Atoh1 expression in neuro-sensory progenitors from the unfolding of the neurogenic program.

2017-11-09 | GSE102649 | GEO

Identification of intermediate transcriptome states and synergistic effects of Isl1 in Atoh1-mediated cochlear hair cell conversion

Project description:Ectopic expression of Atoh1 in non-sensory supporting cells (SCs) in mouse cochleae induces their conversion to hair cells (HCs) in vivo. cHCs in multiple intermediate states of the conversion process that most closely resembled neonatal differentiating HCs, but differed from the progenitors. We further identified 52 transcription factors that are differentially expressed in cHCs, SCs, and mature HCs and confirmed that Isl1 synergistically enhanced the efficiency of Atoh1-mediated HC conversion in cochlear explants. Our results demonstrate that direct HC conversion from SCs in vivo follows a different path from normal development and requires multiple factors for maximum efficiency and completion.

2018-07-23 | GSE85983 | GEO

Characterization of the transcriptomes of Atoh1-induced hair cells in the mouse cochlea

Project description:Mammalian cochlea hair cells can be regenerated from the adjacent supporting cells in many ways, however, the newly hair cells are immature and without hearing function almost. The expression of Atoh1 is an important maker of the appearance of newly hair cells, many approaches of inner ear hair cells’ regeneration are concerned with the transcription factor Atoh1. However, most new HCs are immature HCs, and they do not have the function of mature HCs and eventually die a few weeks after regeneration. Thus promoting the maturation and survival of new HCs is the primary focus of HC regeneration field. We used RNA-Seq analysis to compare the differences between the transcriptomes of Atoh1 overexpression-induced new HCs and the original HCs, and to define the factors that might help to promote the maturation and survival of new HCs.

2019-04-10 | GSE129533 | GEO

Single cell gene expression profile of adult cochlear explants over the course of hair cell regeneration stimulated by Atoh1 activation [DoxVehicleAtoh1]

Project description:Strategies to overcome irreversible cochlear hair cell (HC) damage and loss are of vital importance to develop a treatment for hearing loss. HC regeneration in adult cochlea relies on a two-phase process: 1) Reprogramming mature cochlear (SCs) to regain the properties of their younger selves; 2) Activating Atoh1, a gene responsible for HC fate-determining, in the reprogrammed adult SCs for HC regeneration. We have shown that, by transient co-activation of Myc and NICD (Notch1 intracellular domain), the adult mouse cochlea can be successfully reprogrammed to a relatively younger stage and regain progenitor capacity, with the regeneration of HCs following Atoh1 overexpression in vitro and in vivo. To identify molecules to reprogram mature cochlear SCs and HC regeneration, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing and uncovered the pathways and their target genes underlying MYC/NICD-mediated reprogramming. We used an in-house adult cochlea explant culture system and carried out single-cell RNA sequencing to examine the gene expression profiles of cochlear explants from a transgenic mouse model, rtTa/tet-Myc/-tet-NICD, in response to Dox-induced MYC/NICD co-activation. We compared gene expression profiles between Atoh1 activation vs. MYC/NICD/Atoh1 co-activation.

2023-06-01 | GSE218325 | GEO

Analyses of iHC transcriptome profiles

Project description:Mechanosensory hair cells (HCs) are the primary receptors of our senses of hearing and balance. However, very little is known about the transcriptional regulators involved in HC fate determination and differentiation. In this paper, we show that expression of three HC lineage-specific transcription factors: Gfi1, Pou4f3 and Atoh1, can induce a direct commitment towards HC fate during in vitro embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. Induced HCs (iHCs) express numerous HC-specific genes and exhibit polarized membrane protusions reminiscent of stereociliary bundles. The ability to obtain purified populations of iHCs by virtue of the Myo7:mVenus reporter line (iGPA-Myo7a:mVenus) allowed us to generate highly reproducible gene expression profiles for these cells, at various phases of their development (day 8 and day 12 of cell culture).

2015-06-02 | GSE60352 | GEO

Analyses of the Atoh1, Pou4f3 and Gfi1 genome binding profile during hair cell and neuronal differentiation

Project description:To gain new insights into the genetic networks regulating hair cell development, we developed a new transcriptional programming strategy to promote in vitro hair cell differentiation, starting from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). In vivo, Atoh1 is the only transcription factor (TF) known to be necessary and sufficient for HC differentiation, but in vitro its overexpression induces neuronal rather than hair cell differentiation. We discovered that Atoh1 expression combined with two other TFs (Pou4f3, Gfi1) resulted in efficient hair cell generation. This work offers a new paradigm to understand the molecular mechanisms governing transcription factor specificity. For example, how do Pou4f3-Gfi1 modulate Atoh1 activity to orchestrate a HC differentiation program? To address this question, we have engineered several mESCs lines containing Atoh1, Gfi1 and/or Pou4f3 in a doxycycline-inducible locus to allow a controllable overexpression of every combination of these 3 transcriptional factors either using a polycistronic approach (mESCs lines: iG+A, iG+P, iP+A and iGPA) or by promoting their individual overexpression (mESCs lines: iAtoh1, iGfi1 and iPou4f3). These findings highlight the diversity of mechanisms by which one TF can redirect the activity of another to enable combinatorial control of cell identity.

2022-08-10 | GSE136836 | GEO

Analyses of the individual and combinatorial transcriptional effects mediated by Atoh1, Pou4f3 and Gfi1 overexpression during embryoid body differentiation in vitro

2022-08-10 | GSE136837 | GEO

Mediator Kinase Complexes Regulates ATOH1-Dependent Intestinal Differentiation

Project description:Cyclin Dependent Kinases CDK8 and CDK19 (Mediator kinase) are regulatory components of the Mediator complex, a highly conserved complex that fine tunes transcriptional output. While Mediator kinase has been implicated in the transcriptional control of key pathways necessary for development and growth, its function in vivo has not been well described. Herein, we report the consequences of complete ablation of both Cdk8/19 on tissue homeostasis. We show that intestinal epithelial specific deletion of Mediator kinase leads to a distinct defect in secretory progenitor differentiation with broad loss of the intestinal secretory cell types. Using a phospho-proteogenomic approach, we show that the Cdk8/19 kinase module interacts with and phosphorylates components of the chromatin remodeling complex Swi/Snf in intestinal epithelial cells. Genomic localisation of Swi/Snf and Mediator shows Cdk8/19-dependent genomic binding at distinct super-enhancer loci within key lineage specification genes, including the master regulator of secretory differentiation ATOH1. Using CRISPRi/CRISPRa, we identify a distinct Mediator- Swi/Snf bound enhancer element that is necessary and sufficient for ATOH1 expression in a Mediator-kinase dependent manner. As such, these studies uncover a newly described transcriptional mechanism of ATOH1-dependent intestinal cell specification that is dependent on the coordinated interaction of the chromatin remodeling complex Swi/Snf and Mediator complex.

2023-03-10 | PXD030212 | Pride

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