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Spred1 deficit promotes treatment resistance and transformation of chronic phase CML

ABSTRACT: Total RNA was extracted from Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells sorted from the BM of Spred1HSCΔ/ΔSCLtTA/BCR-ABL (HSC KO) and Spred1HSCwt/wtSCLtTA/BCR-ABL (HSC wt) (n=5 mice per group, both group given 7 doses of 250μg poly(I:C), ip, every two days, to activate Mx1-cre), Spred1ECΔ/ΔSCLtTA/BCR-ABL (EC KO) and Spred1ECwt/wtSCLtTA/BCR-ABL (EC wt) (n=5 mice per group) mice using the miRNeasy micro Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). SMART-Seq® Ultra Low Input RNA Kit for Sequencing – v4 (TaKaRa, Cat 634888) was used for generating amplified double stranded (ds) cDNA from each sample with 2ng of input total RNA according to the manufacturer's protocol. The resulting ds cDNA was sheared with Covaris LE220 with the setting of DNA fragment size of 200bp peak. The sheared DNA was used for sequencing library preparation by using KAPA HyperPrep Kits (Roche, Cat KK8500). The final libraries were quantified with qubit and bioanalyzer. The sequencing was performed with the single read mode of 51 cycles of read1 and 7 cycles of index read with V4 reagents on Illumina Hiseq2500. Real-time analysis (RTA) 2.2.38 software was used to process the image analysis and base calling. The nf-core RNAseq pipeline v1.3 was used to process the raw sequencing reads (https://nf-co.re). RNA-Seq reads were trimmed to remove sequencing adapters using Trimmomatic3 and polyA tails using FASTP4. The processed reads were mapped back to the mouse genome (mm10) using STAR software (v. 020201)5. The HTSeq software (v.0.6.0)6 was applied to generate the count matrix, with default parameters. Differential expression analysis was conducted by adjusting read counts to normalized expression values using TMM normalization method in R7. Briefly, for each comparison between HSC KO LSKs and HSC wt LSKs and between EC KO LSKs and EC wt LSKs, general linear models were applied to identify DEGs using TMM normalization expression level as depending variable, and genotype as independent variable. Genes with a p-value less than 0.05 and with a fold change (FC) greater than 1.5 or less than 0.7 were considered as significant up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. Pathway analysis was conducted using GSEAPreranked algorithm using GSEA Desktop program in Java8, 9. The former requires a list of up- and down-regulated genes, while the latter a ranked list of whole genes according to their log2 fold change and p-values.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE181589 | GEO | 2021/09/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:MiR-142 is dynamically expressed and plays a regulatory role in hematopoiesis. Based on the simple observation that miR-142 levels are significantly lower in CD34+CD38- cells from blast crisis (BC) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). CML patients compared with chronic phase (CP) CML patients (p=0.002), we hypothesized that miR-142 deficit plays a role in BC transformation. To test this hypothesis, we generated a miR-142 KO BCR-ABL (i.e., miR-142−/−BCR-ABL) mouse by crossing a miR-142−/− mouse with a miR-142+/+BCR-ABL mouse. While the miR-142+/+BCR-ABL mice developed and died of CP CML, the miR-142−/−BCR-ABL mice developed a BC-like phenotype in the absence of any other acquired gene mutations and died significantly sooner than miR-142+/+BCR-ABL CP controls (p=0.001). Leukemic stem cell (LSC)-enriched Lineage-Sca-1+c-Kit+ cells (LSKs) from diseased miR-142−/−BCR-ABL mice transplanted into congenic recipients, recapitulated the BC features thereby suggesting stable transformation of CP-LSCs into BC-LSCs in the miR-142 KO CML mouse. Single cell (sc) RNA-seq profiling showed that miR-142 deficit changed the cellular landscape of the miR-142−/−BCR-ABL LSKs compared with miR-142+/+BCR-ABL LSKs with expansion of myeloid-primed and loss of lymphoid-primed factions. Bulk RNA-seq analyses along with unbiased metabolomic profiling and functional metabolic assays demonstrated enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in miR-142−/−BCR-ABL LSKs vs miR-142+/+BCR-ABL LSKs. MiR-142 deficit enhanced FAO in miR-142−/−BCR-ABL LSKs by increasing the expression of CPT1A and CPT1B, that controls the cytosol-to-mitochondrial acyl-carnitine transport, a critical step in FAO. MiR-142 deficit also enhanced OxPhos in miR-142−/−BCR-ABL LSKs by increasing mitochondrial fusion and activity. As the homeostasis and activity of LSCs depend on higher levels of these oxidative metabolism processes, we then postulate that miR-142 deficit is a potentially druggable target for BC-LSCs. To this end, we developed a novel CpG-miR-142 mimic oligonucleotide (ODN; i.e., CpG-M-miR-142) that corrected the miR-142 deficit and alone or in combination with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) significantly reduced LSC burden and prolonged survival of miR-142−/−BCR-ABL mice. The results from murine models were validated in BC CD34+CD38- primary blasts and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). In conclusion, an acquired miR-142 deficit sufficed in transforming CP-LSCs into BC-LSCs, via enhancement of bioenergetic oxidative metabolism in absence of any additional gene mutations, and likely represent a novel therapeutic target in BC CML.

Project description:Purpose: The histone H3 lysine 36 methyltransferase SETD2 is frequently mutated in various cancers, including leukemia. However, there has not been any functional model to show the contribution of SETD2 in hematopoiesis or the causal role of SETD2 mutation in tumorigenesis. In this study, using a conditional Setd2 knock-out (KO) mouse model, we show that Setd2 deficiency skews hematopoietic differentiation and impaired HSC (hematopoietic stem cell) self-renewal. Intriguingly, Setd2-deleted HSCs, through a latency period, can acquire abilities to overcome the growth disadvantage and eventually develop into hematopoietic malignancy characteristic of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). This study aimed at finding the mechanism controlled by Setd2, which was required for MDS formation. Methods: Young and old Setd2 WT and KO LSKs (Lin-c-Kit+Sca1+) were generated by deep RNA-seq, using Illumina Hiseq2500. Using Stringtie (version:1.3.0) software to analyze the sequence reads that passed quality filter to acquire the expression level of all genes. qRT–PCR validation was performed using SYBR Green assays. Young Setd2 WT and KO LSKs were also generated by whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), using Illumina Hiseq2500. Results: Using an optimized data analysis workflow, 246 genes down-regulated and 226 up-regulated, showed significant differential expression (fold change, FC ≤ 0.5 or FC ≥ 2; p < 0.05) between young WT and KO LSKs. Old LSKs displayed about 1112 down-regulated and 777 up-regulated genes between WT and KO. The results of WGBS showed that the Setd2 KO genome carries a much larger number of hypomethylated DMRs (different methylation regions) relative to hypermethylated ones (5,839 versus 1,294). Conclusions: Through RNA-seq, gene expression profile of young Setd2-deleted LSKs partially resembles the Dnmt3a/Tet2 double knock-out. WGBS also indicated that Setd2 deficiency can regulate the distribution of whole genome DNA methylation. Furthermore, young Setd2 deficiency also induces DNA replication stress in HSCs, as reflected by activated E2F gene regulatory network and repressed ribonucleotide reductase subunit Rrm2b. Old Setd2-deleted LSKs displayed a MDS related transcriptional signature.

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Spred1 deficit promotes treatment resistance and transformation of chronic phase CML

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