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Phase separation of YAP fusion proteins drives supratentorial ependymoma I

ABSTRACT: HIPPO-YAP/TAZ signaling has been implicated in supratentorial ependymoma formation from neural progenitor cells (NPC) in the brain, however, the underlying mechanisms to trigger the neural progenitor cell transformation remains elusive. Here, we uncover that patient-derived tumorigenic YAP-fusion proteins (YAP-MAMLD1 and C11ORF95-YAP) promote ependymoma tumorigenesis through forming liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDR) in the fusion proteins promote oligomerization of YAP-transcriptional co-activators and self-assembly of nuclear puncta-like membrane-less organelles. Phase separation of YAP-fusion proteins further facilitates the compartmentalization of transcriptional coactivators, BRD4 and MED1, resulting in pervasive enhancer landscape changes and exclusion of transcriptional repressors such as PRC2 complexes. YAP-fusion proteins-induced nuclear puncta recruit RNA polymerase II to promote transcriptional bursting of multiple oncogenic pathways. Moreover, we show that IDR-mediated phase separation is necessary for YAP-fusion protein-induced tumor formation. Distinct YAP fusion-proteins identified in other human tumors also encompass IDR features. Together, our data suggest that IDR-mediated phase separation is an integral component of YAP-fusion protein-induced tumorigenesis and might serve as a therapeutic target in supratentorial ependymoma.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE181867 | GEO | 2022/10/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Phase separation of YAP fusion proteins drives supratentorial ependymoma (methyl-seq)

Project description:HIPPO-YAP/TAZ signaling has been implicated in supratentorial ependymoma formation from neural progenitor cells (NPC) in the brain, however, the underlying mechanisms to trigger the neural progenitor cell transformation remains elusive. Here, we uncover that patient-derived tumorigenic YAP-fusion proteins (YAP-MAMLD1 and C11ORF95-YAP) promote ependymoma tumorigenesis through forming liquid-liquid phase-separated condensates. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDR) in the fusion proteins promote oligomerization of YAP-transcriptional co-activators and self-assembly of nuclear puncta-like membrane-less organelles. Phase separation of YAP-fusion proteins further facilitates the compartmentalization of transcriptional coactivators, BRD4 and MED1, resulting in pervasive enhancer landscape changes and exclusion of transcriptional repressors such as PRC2 complexes. YAP-fusion proteins-induced nuclear puncta recruit RNA polymerase II to promote transcriptional bursting of multiple oncogenic pathways. Moreover, we show that IDR-mediated phase separation is necessary for YAP-fusion protein-induced tumor formation. Distinct YAP fusion-proteins identified in other human tumors also encompass IDR features. Together, our data suggest that IDR-mediated phase separation is an integral component of YAP-fusion protein-induced tumorigenesis and might serve as a therapeutic target in supratentorial ependymoma.

2022-10-27 | GSE206926 | GEO

Regulation of zebrafish dorsoventral patterning by phase separation of RNA-binding protein rbm14

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2019-08-05 | GSE128984 | GEO

A non-hemispheric transtentorial ZFTA-fusion-positive ependymoma in a 6-month-old boy

Project description:We report an infantile case of midline ‘supratentorial ependymoma ZFTA fusion-positive’ involving both the infra- and the supra-tentorial compartments (i.e., cerebellar vermis, pons and midbrain). The radiological features, i.e., the upward displacement and compression of the supratentorial anatomical structures and the infiltrative margins of the tumour towards the cerebellar vermis, suggested an infratentorial origin of the lesion with secondary involvement of the supratentorial compartment. This case adds to the limited literature of non-hemispheric ‘supratentorial ependymoma ZFTA fusion-positive’ occurring in midline structures, both supratentorial (pineal region, thalamus) and infratentorial (cervico-medullary region and spinal cord), and in the cerebellum. These cases highlight the need to consider this entity in the differential diagnosis of paediatric non-hemispheric lesions and raise the question of whether the inclusion of the location within the WHO definition of this tumour type may be too restrictive

2023-01-01 | GSE220932 | GEO

YAP/TAZ drives ependymoma-like tumour formation in mice

Project description:YAP1 gene fusions have been observed in a subset of paediatric ependymomas. Here we show that, ectopic expression of active nuclear YAP1 (nlsYAP5SA) in ventricular zone neural progenitor cells using conditionally-induced NEX/NeuroD6-Cre is sufficient to drive brain tumour formation in mice. Neuronal differentiation is inhibited in the hippocampus. Deletion of YAP1’s negative regulators LATS1 and LATS2 kinases in NEX-Cre lineage in double conditional knockout mice also generates similar tumours, which are rescued by deletion of YAP1 and its paralog TAZ. YAP1/TAZ-induced mouse tumours display molecular and ultrastructural characteristics of human ependymoma. RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics of mouse tumours demonstrate similarities to YAP1-fusion induced supratentorial ependymoma. Finally, we find that transcriptional cofactor HOPX is upregulated in mouse models and in human YAP1-fusion induced ependymoma, supporting their similarity. Our results show that uncontrolled YAP1/TAZ activity in neuronal precursor cells leads to ependymoma-like tumours in mice.

2020-05-26 | PXD018131 | Pride

Coactivator condensation at super-enhancers links phase separation and gene control (RNA-Seq)

Project description:Super-enhancers (SEs) are clusters of enhancers that cooperatively assemble a high density of transcriptional apparatus to drive robust expression of genes with prominent roles in cell identity. We recently proposed that a phase-separated multi-molecular assembly underlies the formation and function of SEs. Here, we demonstrate that the SE-enriched factors BRD4 and MED1 form nuclear puncta that occur at SEs and exhibit properties of liquid-like condensates. Disruption of BRD4 and MED1 puncta by 1,6-hexanediol is accompanied by a loss of BRD4 and MED1 at SEs and a loss of RNAPII from SE-driven genes. We find that the intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of BRD4 and MED1 are sufficient to form phase-separated droplets in vitro and the MED1 IDR promotes phase separation in living cells. The MED1 IDR droplets are capable of compartmentalizing BRD4 and other transcriptional machinery in nuclear extracts. These results support the idea that SEs form phase-separated condensates that compartmentalize the transcription apparatus at key genes, provide insights into the role of cofactor IDRs in this process, and offer new insights into mechanisms involved in control of key cell identity genes.

2018-04-07 | GSE112807 | GEO

Coactivator condensation at super-enhancers links phase separation and gene control (ChIP-Seq)

2018-04-07 | GSE112806 | GEO

Phase separation drives aberrant chromatin looping and cancer development [RNA-Seq]

Project description:Development of cancer is intimately associated with genetic abnormalities that target proteins with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). In human hematological malignancies, recurrent chromosomal translocation of nucleoporin (NUP98 or NUP214) generates an aberrant chimera that invariably retains nucleoporin?s IDR, tandemly dispersed phenylalanine-and-glycine (FG) repeats. However, it remains elusive how unstructured IDRs contribute to oncogenesis. We show that IDR harbored within NUP98-HOXA9, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor (TF) chimera recurrently detected in leukemias, is essential for establishing liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) puncta of chimera and for inducing leukemic transformation. Strikingly, LLPS of NUP98-HOXA9 not only promotes chromatin occupancy of chimera TFs but is also required for formation of a broad, ?super-enhancer?-like binding pattern, typically seen at a battery of leukemogenic genes, potentiating their transcriptional activation. Artificial HOX chimera (FUS-HOXA9), created by replacing NUP98?s FG repeats with an unrelated LLPS-forming IDR of FUS, had similar enhancement effects on chimera?s genome-wide binding and target gene activation. Hi-C mapping further demonstrated that phase-separated NUP98-HOXA9 induces CTCF-independent chromatin looping enriched at proto-oncogenes. Together, this report describes a proof-of-principle example wherein cancer acquires mutation to establish oncogenic TF condensates via phase separation, which simultaneously enhances their genomic targeting and induces organization of aberrant three-dimensional chromatin structure during tumorous transformation. As LLPS-competent molecules are frequently implicated in diseases, this mechanism can potentially be generalized to many malignant and pathological settings.

2021-04-19 | GSE144642 | GEO

Phase separation drives aberrant chromatin looping and cancer development [ChIP-Seq]

2021-04-19 | GSE144076 | GEO

YAP1 fusion proteins drive forebrain ependymoma tumorigenesis via the interaction with TEAD transcription factors

Project description:A mouse model has been generated resembling human YAP1 fusion-positive supratentorial ependymoma. We show that the YAP1-MAMLD1 fusion, which is the most recurrent fusion in this distinct type of ependymomas, is able to drive malignant transformation in mice. The resulting brain tumors resemble histo-molecular characteristics of their human counterparts.

2019-08-06 | GSE110625 | GEO

Nuclear Condensation of NUP98-Fusion Proteins drives leukemogenic gene expression NUP98-fusion protein drive oncogenic gene expression via nuclear/biomolecular condensation

Project description:NUP98-fusion proteins cause leukemia via unknown molecular mechanisms. All NUP98-fusion proteins share an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) featuring >35 repeats of Phenylalanine-Glycine (FG) in the NUP98 N-terminus. Conversely, C-terminal NUP98-fusion partners often have critical functions in gene control. Given these structural features we hypothesized that mechanisms of oncogenic transformation by NUP98-fusion proteins are hard-wired in their protein interactomes. Affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry and confocal imaging of five distinct NUP98-fusion proteins revealed that conserved interactors were enriched for proteins involved in biomolecular condensation and that they co-localized with NUP98-fusion proteins in nuclear puncta. We developed biotinylated isoxazole-mediated condensome mass spectrometry (biCon-MS) to show that NUP98-fusion proteins alter the global composition of biomolecular condensates. An artificial FG-repeat-containing fusion protein phenocopied the nuclear localization patterns of NUP98-fusion proteins and their capability to drive oncogenic gene expression programs. Thus, we propose that IDR-containing fusion proteins uniquely combine biomolecular condensation with transcriptional control to induce cancer.

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