A multi-tissue study of immune gene expression profiling highlights the key role of the nasal epithelium in COVID-19 severity
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE183071 | GEO | 2021/12/31
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Matched samples from individuals before they contracted COVID-19 and after they were diagnosed with it were used for TMT-based relative quantitation of their plasma proteome and glycoproteome to study the effects of this infectious disease. Twenty one COVID-19 patients whose pre-COVID-19 plasma samples were also available were selected for this study. These patients had varied courses of illness and were classified based on WHO guidelines into outpatients and those with severe and critical illness. 21 matched sample pairs were divided into 3 sets for 3 TMTPro 16-plex-based mass spectrometry experiments with 8 (set01), 8 (set02), and 5 (set03) patients each. Plasma-derived tryptic peptides from each sample were TMT-labeled, and each pooled set was used for separate experiments for total proteomics and glycoproteomics. A pooled aliquot from each set was used to enrich glycopeptides by size exclusion chromatography and another aliquot was used to fractionate all peptides by basic pH reversed phase liquid chromatography. Enriched glycopeptides were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and quantified across samples using TMT reporter ion intensities. Fold changes (intensity of protein or glycopeptide from a patient with COVID-19/that from the same patient before they had COVID-19) for each protein and glycopeptide were calculated for all patients to assess changes in the proteome that may be attributable to this illness. We detected 1,520 proteins, of which 472 were detected in all patients. 3,892 glycopeptides were identified at 1% FDR at peptide, glycan and glycopeptides levels and their reporter ion intensities were quantified. 732 glycopeptides from 232 glycoproteins were detected in all patients.
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Project description:To elucidate key pathways in the host transcriptome of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, we used RNA sequencing (RNA Seq) to analyze nasopharyngeal (NP) swab and whole blood (WB) samples from 333 COVID-19 patients and controls, including patients with other viral and bacterial infections. Analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways was performed relative to other infections (e.g. influenza, other seasonal coronaviruses, bacterial sepsis) in both NP swabs and WB. Comparative COVID-19 host responses between NP swabs and WB were examined. Both hospitalized patients and outpatients exhibited upregulation of interferon-associated pathways, although heightened and more robust inflammatory and immune responses were observed in hospitalized patients with more clinically severe disease. A two-layer machine learning-based classifier, run on an independent test set of NP swab samples, was able to discriminate between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 infectious or non-infectious acute respiratory illness using complete (>1,000 genes), medium (<100) and small (<20) gene biomarker panels with 85.1%-86.5% accuracy, respectively. These findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection has a distinct biosignature that differs between NP swabs and WB and can be leveraged for differential diagnosis of COVID-19 disease.
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Project description:Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer death, although only a small percentage of smokers develop the disease. Cigarette smoke exposure is known to cause a field of injury in cells throughout the respiratory tract, and while these airway epithelial cells are morphologically normal, they can undergo genetic alterations in response to cigarette smoke exposure. We used microarrays to analyze the gene expression of epithelial cells in the extrathoracic epithelium, specifically nasal and buccal epithelium, to see if these cells underwent similar genetic alterations in response to tobacco exposure as seen in bronchial epithelial cells as has been previously reported. Experiment Overall Design: Buccal and nasal epithelial cell samples were collected from healthy current and never smokers. RNA was isolated from these samples and hybridized to Affymetrix microarrays. Gene expression from never smokers was compared to never smoker gene expression from bronchial epithelium as well as expression data from other tissues to determine commonalities in expression patterns in normal extra- and intra-thoracic samples. In addition, gene expression from smokers and nonsmokers was compared in bronchial, nasal, and buccal epithelium to determine similarities in gene expression in these tissues in response to cigarette smoker exposure.
2008-10-20 | E-GEOD-8987 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The causative organism, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in disease-ridden patients. Differences in the severity of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic infections and mild cases to the severe form, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan failure with poor survival. MiRNAs can regulate various cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, by binding to the 3′UTR of target mRNAs inducing their degradation, thus serving a fundamental role in post-transcriptional repression. Alterations of miRNA levels in the blood have been described in multiple inflammatory and infectious diseases, including SARS-related coronaviruses. We used microarrays to delineate the miRNAs and snoRNAs signature in the peripheral blood of severe COVID-19 cases (n=9), as compared to mild (n=10) and asymptomatic (n=10) patients, and identified differentially expressed transcripts in severe versus asymptomatic, and others in severe versus mild COVID-19 cases. A cohort of 29 male age-matched patients were selected. All patients were previously diagnosed with COVID-19 using TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts), or Cobas SARS-CoV-2 Test (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), with a CT value < 30. Additional criterion for selection was age between 35 and 75 years. Participants were grouped into severe, mild and asymptomatic. Classifying severe cases was based on requirement of high-flow oxygen support and ICU admission (n=9). Whereas mild patients were identified based on symptoms and positive radiographic findings with pulmonary involvement (n=10). Patients with no clinical presentation were labelled as asymptomatic cases (n=10).
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