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PERK is a critical metabolic hub for immunosuppressive function in macrophages

ABSTRACT: Here we report that the Th2 cytokine IL-4 and the tumor microenvironment activated protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) stress signaling cascade to promote immunosuppressive M2 activation and proliferation. PERK activation mediated the upregulation of PSAT1 and serine biosynthesis via the downstream transcription factor ATF4. We found that Increased serine biosynthesis could result in enhanced mitochondrial function and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) production required for JMJD3-dependent epigenetic modification.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE183287 | GEO | 2022/01/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Since bone metastatic breast cancer is an incurable disease, causing significant morbidity and mortality, understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms would be highly valuable. Here, we describe in vitro and in vivo evidence for the importance of serine biosynthesis in the metastasis of breast cancer to bone. We first characterized the bone metastatic propensity of the MDA-MB-231(SA) cell line variant as compared to the parental MDA-MB-231 cells by radiographic and histological observations in the inoculated mice. Genome-wide gene expression profiling of this isogenic cell line pair revealed that all the three genes involved in the L-serine biosynthesis pathway, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), and phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH) were upregulated in the highly metastatic variant. This pathway is the primary endogenous source for L-serine in mammalian tissues. Consistently, we observed that the proliferation of MDA-MB-231(SA) cells in serine-free conditions was dependent on PSAT1 expression. In addition, we observed that L-serine is essential for the formation of bone resorbing human osteoclasts and may thus contribute to the vicious cycle of osteolytic bone metastasis. High expression of PHGDH and PSAT1 in primary breast cancer was significantly associated with decreased relapse-free and overall survival of patients and malignant phenotypic features of breast cancer. In conclusion, high expression of serine biosynthesis genes in metastatic breast cancer cells and the stimulating effect of L-serine on osteoclastogenesis and cancer cell proliferation indicate a functionally critical role for serine biosynthesis in bone metastatic breast cancer and thereby an opportunity for targeted therapeutic interventions. Parental MDA-MB-231 cells and MDA-MB-231(SA) cells were cultured in cell culture flasks. RNA was isolated in order to compare the gene expression profiles of these cell variants. Total of two samples. No replicates.

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PERK is a critical metabolic hub for immunosuppressive function in macrophages

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