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Evaluation of TET1 non-catalytic functions reveals DNA demethylation independent gene and ERV regulation

ABSTRACT: Surveillance of DNA methylation is critical for genome stability and epigenetic regulation in mammals. The discovery of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins catalyzing the oxidation from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) revolutionized the understanding of DNA methylation maintenance and remodeling. Interestingly in recent years evidence accumulated that TET1 also harbours non-catalytic functions. However, the role and mechanism of TET1 DNA demethylation independent functions still remain poorly understood. Here, we use genome engineering, mass spectrometry and quantitative multi-omics approaches to dissect the non-catalytic role of TET1. Strikingly, we find that the majority of transcriptional regulation depends on non-catalytic functions of TET1. Our study identifies TET1 as a scaffold protein and a global regulator of histone modifications. Moreover, we show that the establishment of H3K9me3 and H4K20me3 at ERV1, ERVK and ERVL is mediated by TET1 independent of DNA demethylation. Finally, we provide evidence that repression of endogenous retroviruses depends on the interaction between TET1 and SIN3A. In summary, we found that the non-catalytic functions of TET1 are critical for regulation of gene expression and the silencing of endogenous retroviruses in mESCs.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE183465 | GEO | 2022/07/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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TET1 interactome in mESCs (via ChIP-MS)

Project description:Precise regulation of DNA methylation in mammals is critical for genome stability and epigenetic regulation. The discovery of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins catalyzing the oxidation from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) revolutionized the perspective on the complexity and regulation of DNA modifications. Despite accumulating knowledge about the role of TET1, it remains unclear to what extent these can be attributed to its catalytic activity. Here, we use genome engineering and quantitative multi-omics approaches to dissect the role and mechanism of TET1 in mESCs. Our study identifies TET1 as an essential interaction hub for multiple chromatin modifying complexes and as a global regulator of histone modifications. Strikingly, we find that the majority of transcriptional regulation depends on non-catalytic functions of TET1. Moreover, we show that the establishment of H3K9me3 and H4K20me3 at ERV1, ERVK, and ERVL is mediated by TET1 independent of DNA demethylation. We provide evidence that repression of endogenous retroviruses depends on the interaction between TET1 and SIN3A. In summary, we demonstrate that the non-catalytic functions of TET1 are critical for regulation of gene expression and the silencing of endogenous retroviruses in mESCs.

2022-08-31 | PXD028850 | Pride

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Project description:Surveillance of DNA methylation in mammals is critical for genome stability and epigenetic regulation. The discovery of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins catalyzing the oxidation from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) revolutionized the understanding of DNA methylation dynamics. Interestingly, in recent years evidence accumulated that TET1 also harbours non-catalytic functions. However, the role and mechanism of TET1 DNA demethylation independent functions still remain poorly understood. Here, we use genome engineering and quantitative multi-omics approaches to dissect the non-catalytic role of TET1. Strikingly, we find that the majority of transcriptional regulation depends on non-catalytic functions of TET1. To gain insights into possible mechanisms by which TET1 regulates transcription independent of DNA demethylation, we asked if the loss of TET1 is accompanied by changes in the histone modificaiton landscape. To this end, we compared the relative abundances of core histone modifications between Tet1 KO, Tet1 CM and WT mESCs using quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis. Surprisingly, we observed a profound global reduction of pH4Kac and H4K20me3 as well as H3K27me3 in Tet1 KO mESC. Vice versa, the monomethylation states of the latter two residues, H3K27me1 and H4K20me1 were significantly increased in Tet1 KO. Similar to the results from the transcriptome data, most of these changes were specific to Tet1 KO cells.

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Evaluation of TET1 non-catalytic functions reveals DNA demethylation independent gene and ERV regulation

Project description:Evaluation of TET1 non-catalytic functions reveals DNA demethylation independent gene and ERV regulation

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Project description:We report that full length TET1 (TET1-FL) overexpression fails to induce global DNA demethylation in HEK293T cells. The preferential binding of TET1-FL to hypomethylated CpG islands (CGIs) through its CXXC domain leads to its inhibited 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) production as methylation level increases. TET1-FL-induced 5hmC accumulates at CGI edges, while TET1 knockdown induces methylation spreading from methylated edges into hypomethylated CGIs. However, TET1 can regulate gene transcription independent of its dioxygenase catalytic function. Thus, our results identify TET1 as a maintenance DNA demethylase that does not purposely decrease methylation levels, but specifically maintains the DNA hypomethylation state of CGIs in adult cells. Genome-wdie profiling of gene expression in HEK293T cells following overexpression of wild type or catalytically mutant TET1-FL or TET1-CD

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