Postnatal Conditional Knockout of Bcl11b in Striatal Projection Neurons Mimics the Transcriptional Signature of Huntington’s Disease
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE185476 | GEO | 2022/11/02
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN) are critically involved in motor control, and their degeneration is a principal component of Huntingtonâs disease. We find that the transcription factor Ctip2 (also known as Bcl11b) is central to MSN differentiation and striatal development. Within the striatum, it is expressed by all MSN, while it is excluded from essentially all striatal interneurons. In the absence of Ctip2, MSN do not fully differentiate, as demonstrated by dramatically reduced expression of a large number of MSN markers, including DARPP-32, FOXP1, Chrm4, Reelin, MOR1, GluR1, and Plexin-D1. Furthermore, MSN fail to aggregate into patches, resulting in severely disrupted patch-matrix organization within the striatum. Finally, heterotopic cellular aggregates invade the Ctip2-/- striatum suggesting a failure by MSN to repel these cells in the absence of Ctip2. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie Ctip2-dependent differentiation of MSN and that underlie the patch-matrix disorganization in the mutant striatum, we directly compared gene expression between wild type and mutant striatum at P0. Because CTIP2-expressing MSN constitute 90-95% of the neurons within the striatum, we reasoned that we should be able to detect changes in medium spiny neuron gene expression in Ctip2 null mutants. We microdissected out small regions of striatum at matched locations in wild type and Ctip2-/- mutant littermates at P0 and investigated gene expression with Affymetrix microarrays. We selected the 153 most significant genes and further analyzed them to identify a smaller set of genes of potentially high biological relevance. In order to verify the microarray data and define the distribution of the identified genes in the striatum, we performed in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry for 12 selected genes: Plexin-D1, Ngef, Nectin-3, Kcnip2, Pcp4L1, Neto1, Basonuclin 2, Fidgetin, Semaphorin 3e, Secretagogin, Unc5d, and Neurotensin. We find that all these genes are either specifically downregulated (Plexin-D1, Ngef, Nectin-3 Kcnip2, Pcp4L1, Neto1), or upregulated (Basonuclin 2, Fidgetin, Semaphorin 3e, Secretagogin, Unc5d, Neurotensin), in the Ctip2-/- striatum, confirming and extending the microarray results. Together, these data indicate that Ctip2 is a critical regulator of MSN differentiation, striatal patch development, and the establishment of the cellular architecture of the striatum. Experiment Overall Design: Matched regions of striatum from wild type and Ctip2-/- mice were obtained via 500 µm diameter punch biopsies performed in the center of the developing striatum in acutely sectioned 300 µm coronal slices of the brain at postnatal day 0 (P0). Sections were matched rostro-caudally between wild type and null mutant tissue, and fiduciary landmarks were used to assure reproducible microdissection of comparable regions. RNA was extracted using the StrataPrep Total RNA Mini Kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA), and RNA quality was assayed using a bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Paola Alto, CA). To ensure reproducibility and biological significance, microarrays were performed with RNA samples from three independent wild type, one heterozygote, and four Ctip2-/- mice (biological replicates). Microarray data were normalized using the RMA function within Bioconductor (Irizarry et al., 2003). Statistical significance of gene expression differences between wild type and knockout was determined using Statistical Analysis of Micrarrays (SAM) (Tusher et al., 2001). Using a SAM d-score cutoff of > 2 or < -2, we selected the 153 most significant genes and further analyzed them to identify a smaller set of genes of potentially high biological relevance.
2008-06-16 | E-GEOD-9330 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN) are critically involved in motor control, and their degeneration is a principal component of Huntington’s disease. We find that the transcription factor Ctip2 (also known as Bcl11b) is central to MSN differentiation and striatal development. Within the striatum, it is expressed by all MSN, while it is excluded from essentially all striatal interneurons. In the absence of Ctip2, MSN do not fully differentiate, as demonstrated by dramatically reduced expression of a large number of MSN markers, including DARPP-32, FOXP1, Chrm4, Reelin, MOR1, GluR1, and Plexin-D1. Furthermore, MSN fail to aggregate into patches, resulting in severely disrupted patch-matrix organization within the striatum. Finally, heterotopic cellular aggregates invade the Ctip2-/- striatum suggesting a failure by MSN to repel these cells in the absence of Ctip2. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie Ctip2-dependent differentiation of MSN and that underlie the patch-matrix disorganization in the mutant striatum, we directly compared gene expression between wild type and mutant striatum at P0. Because CTIP2-expressing MSN constitute 90-95% of the neurons within the striatum, we reasoned that we should be able to detect changes in medium spiny neuron gene expression in Ctip2 null mutants. We microdissected out small regions of striatum at matched locations in wild type and Ctip2-/- mutant littermates at P0 and investigated gene expression with Affymetrix microarrays. We selected the 153 most significant genes and further analyzed them to identify a smaller set of genes of potentially high biological relevance. In order to verify the microarray data and define the distribution of the identified genes in the striatum, we performed in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry for 12 selected genes: Plexin-D1, Ngef, Nectin-3, Kcnip2, Pcp4L1, Neto1, Basonuclin 2, Fidgetin, Semaphorin 3e, Secretagogin, Unc5d, and Neurotensin. We find that all these genes are either specifically downregulated (Plexin-D1, Ngef, Nectin-3 Kcnip2, Pcp4L1, Neto1), or upregulated (Basonuclin 2, Fidgetin, Semaphorin 3e, Secretagogin, Unc5d, Neurotensin), in the Ctip2-/- striatum, confirming and extending the microarray results. Together, these data indicate that Ctip2 is a critical regulator of MSN differentiation, striatal patch development, and the establishment of the cellular architecture of the striatum. Keywords: mutant analysis
2007-12-15 | GSE9330 | GEO
Project description:B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 11B (Bcl11b) is a transcription factor showing predominant expression in the striatum. To date, there are no known gene targets of Bcl11b in the nervous system. Here, we define targets for Bcl11b in striatal cells by performing genome-wide expression profiling. Transcriptome-wide analysis revealed that 694 genes were significantly altered in striatal cells over-expressing Bcl11b, including genes showing striatal-enriched expression similar to Bcl11b. Functional analysis on the gene target list identified significant association of Bcl11b to brain-derived neurotrophic factor/neurotrophin signaling. These data implicate Bcl11b as a novel regulator of the BDNF signaling pathway, which is disrupted in many neurological disorders. n=4 wt STHdh striatal cells and n=4 Bcl11b-transfected STHdh striatal cells
2011-08-01 | E-GEOD-31096 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease endemic to the Philippines. The genetic cause for XDP is an insertion of a SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA)-type retrotransposon within intron 32 of TATA-binding protein associated factor 1 (TAF1) that causes an alteration of TAF1 splicing, partial intron retention, and decreased transcription. Although TAF1 is expressed in all organs, medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the striatum are one of the cell types most affected in XDP. To define how mutations in the TAF1 gene lead to MSN vulnerability, we carried out a proteomic analysis of human XDP patient-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) and MSNs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. NSCs and MSNs were grown in parallel and subjected to quantitative proteomic analysis in data-independent acquisition mode on the Orbitrap Eclipse Tribrid mass spectrometer. Subsequent functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that neurodegenerative disease-related pathways, such as Huntington s disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, cellular senescence, mitochondrial function and RNA binding metabolism, were highly represented. We used weighted coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of the NSC and MSN proteomic data set to uncover disease-driving network modules. Three of the modules significantly correlated with XDP genotype when compared to the non-affected control and were enriched for DNA helicase and nuclear chromatin assembly, mitochondrial disassembly, RNA location and mRNA processing. Consistent with aberrant mRNA processing, we found splicing and intron retention of TAF1 intron 32 in XDP MSN. We also identified TAF1 as one of the top enriched transcription factors, along with YY1, ATF2, USF1 and MYC. Notably, YY1 has been implicated in genetic forms of dystonia. Overall, our proteomic data set constitutes a valuable resource to understand mechanisms relevant to TAF1 dysregulation and to identify new therapeutic targets for XDP.
2023-07-05 | MSV000092344 | MassIVE
Project description:The striatum is the main input structure of the basal ganglia, receiving information from the cortex and the thalamus and consisting of D1- and D2- medium spiny neurons (MSNs). D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs are essential for motor control and cognitive behaviors and have implications in Parkinson’s Disease. In the present study, we demonstrated that Sp9 positive progenitors produced both D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs and that Sp9 expression was rapidly downregulated in postmitotic D1-MSNs. Furthermore, we found that sustained Sp9 expression in lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) progenitor cells and their descendants led to promoting D2-MSNs identity and repressing D1-MSNs identity during striatal development. As a result, sustained Sp9 expression resulted in an imbalance between D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs in the mouse striatum. In addition, the fate-changed D2 like-MSNs survived normally in adulthood. Taken together, our finding supported that Sp9 was sufficient to promote D2-MSNs identity and repress D1-MSNs identity, and Sp9 was a negative regulator of D1-MSNs fate. The striatum is the main input structure of the basal ganglia, receiving information from the cortex and the thalamus and consisting of D1- and D2- medium spiny neurons (MSNs). D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs are essential for motor control and cognitive behaviors and have implications in Parkinson’s Disease. In the present study, we demonstrated that Sp9 positive progenitors produced both D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs and that Sp9 expression was rapidly downregulated in postmitotic D1-MSNs. Furthermore, we found that sustained Sp9 expression in lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) progenitor cells and their descendants led to promoting D2-MSNs identity and repressing D1-MSNs identity during striatal development. As a result, sustained Sp9 expression resulted in an imbalance between D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs in the mouse striatum. In addition, the fate-changed D2 like-MSNs survived normally in adulthood. Taken together, our finding supported that Sp9 was sufficient to promote D2-MSNs identity and repress D1-MSNs identity, and Sp9 was a negative regulator of D1-MSNs fate.
2022-07-06 | GSE202550 | GEO
Project description:B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 11B (Bcl11b) is a transcription factor showing predominant expression in the striatum. To date, there are no known gene targets of Bcl11b in the nervous system. Here, we define targets for Bcl11b in striatal cells by performing genome-wide expression profiling. Transcriptome-wide analysis revealed that 694 genes were significantly altered in striatal cells over-expressing Bcl11b, including genes showing striatal-enriched expression similar to Bcl11b. Functional analysis on the gene target list identified significant association of Bcl11b to brain-derived neurotrophic factor/neurotrophin signaling. These data implicate Bcl11b as a novel regulator of the BDNF signaling pathway, which is disrupted in many neurological disorders.
2011-08-02 | GSE31096 | GEO
Project description:The striatum is the main input structure of the basal ganglia, receiving information from the cortex and the thalamus and consisting of D1- and D2- medium spiny neurons (MSNs). D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs are essential for motor control and cognitive behaviors and have implications in Parkinson’s Disease. In the present study, we demonstrated that Sp9 positive progenitors produced both D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs and that Sp9 expression was rapidly downregulated in postmitotic D1-MSNs. Furthermore, we found that sustained Sp9 expression in lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) progenitor cells and their descendants led to promoting D2-MSNs identity and repressing D1-MSNs identity during striatal development. As a result, sustained Sp9 expression resulted in an imbalance between D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs in the mouse striatum. In addition, the fate-changed D2 like-MSNs survived normally in adulthood. Taken together, our finding supported that Sp9 was sufficient to promote D2-MSNs identity and repress D1-MSNs identity, and Sp9 was a negative regulator of D1-MSNs fate.
2022-07-06 | GSE202523 | GEO
Project description:The striatum is the interface between dopamine reward signals and cortico-basal ganglia circuits that mediate diverse behavioral functions. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) constitute the vast majority of striatal neurons and are traditionally classified as direct- or indirect-pathway neurons. However, that traditional model does not explain the anatomical and functional diversity of MSNs. Here, we defined molecularly distinct MSN types in the primate striatum, including (1) dorsal striatum MSN types associated with striosome and matrix compartments, (2) ventral striatum types associated with the nucleus accumbens shell and olfactory tubercle, and (3) an MSN-like type restricted to mu-opioid receptor rich islands in the ventral striatum. These results lay the foundation for achieving cell type-specific transgenesis in the primate striatum and provide a blueprint for investigating circuit-specific processing.
2021-11-01 | GSE167920 | GEO
Project description:Huntington’s disease (HD), caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, is characterized by abnormal protein aggregates and motor and cognitive dysfunction. Htt protein is ubiquitously expressed, but the striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN) is most susceptible to neuronal dysfunction and death. Abnormal gene expression represents a core pathogenic feature of HD, but the relative roles of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous effects on transcription remain unclear. To determine the extent of cell-autonomous dysregulation in the striatum in vivo, we examined genome-wide RNA expression in symptomatic D9-N171-98Q (a.k.a. DE5) transgenic mice in which the forebrain expression of the first 171 amino acids of human Htt with a 98Q repeat expansion is limited to MSNs. Microarray data generated from these mice were compared to those generated on the identical array platform from a pan-neuronal HD mouse model, R6/2, carrying two different CAG repeat lengths, and a relatively high degree of overlap of changes in gene expression was revealed. We further focused on known canonical pathways associated with excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dopamine signaling and trophic support, among others. While genes related to excitotoxicity, dopamine signaling and trophic support, were altered in both DE5 and R6/2 transgenic mice, which may be either cell-autonomous or non-cell-autonomous,, genes related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor are primarily affected in DE5 transgenic mice, indicating cell autonomous mechanisms Overall, our results demonstrate that HD-induced dysregulation of the striatal transcriptome can be largely attributed to intrinsic effects of mutant Htt,,such that mutant Htt-induced effects in cortical neurons is not necessary for striatal dysfunction/degeneration. Striatum from DE5 transgenic mice vs. wt littermate controls
2011-01-01 | E-GEOD-25232 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Yapo2017- cAMP/PKA signalling in D1 dopamine receptor expressing medium-spiny neurons
This model is described in the article:
Detection of phasic dopamine
by D1 and D2 striatal medium spiny neurons.
Yapo C, Nair AG, Clement L, Castro
LR, Hellgren Kotaleski J, Vincent P.
J. Physiol. (Lond.) 2017 Aug; :
Abstract:
The phasic release of dopamine in the striatum determines
various aspects of reward and action selection, but the
dynamics of dopamine effect on intracellular signalling remains
poorly understood. We used genetically-encoded FRET biosensors
in striatal brain slices to quantify the effect of transient
dopamine on cAMP or PKA-dependent phosphorylation level, and
computational modelling to further explore the dynamics of this
signalling pathway. Medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), which
express either D1 or D2 dopamine receptors, responded to
dopamine by an increase or a decrease in cAMP, respectively.
Transient dopamine showed similar sub-micromolar efficacies on
cAMP in both D1 and D2 MSNs, thus challenging the commonly
accepted notion that dopamine efficacy is much higher on D2
than on D1 receptors. However, in D2 MSNs, the large decrease
in cAMP level triggered by transient dopamine did not translate
in a decrease in PKA-dependent phosphorylation level, owing to
the efficient inhibition of Protein Phosphatase 1 by DARPP-32.
Simulations further suggested that D2 MSNs can also operate in
a "tone-sensing" mode, allowing them to detect transient dips
in basal dopamine. Overall, our results show that D2 MSNs may
sense much more complex patterns of dopamine than previously
thought. This article is protected by copyright. All rights
reserved.
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2017-08-16 | MODEL1701170000 | BioModels